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Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences

OCCUPATIONAL DOSES FROM IONIZING RADIATION IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE IN POLAND. Budzanowski M., Kopeć R., Pyszka E. and Szumska A. Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków, Poland, www.ifj.edu.pl , maciej.budzanowski@ifj.edu.pl.

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Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences

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  1. OCCUPATIONAL DOSES FROM IONIZING RADIATION IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE IN POLAND Budzanowski M., Kopeć R., Pyszka E. and Szumska A. Institute of NuclearPhysicsPolishAcademy of Sciences Kraków, Poland, www.ifj.edu.pl, maciej.budzanowski@ifj.edu.pl IC on NuclearMedicine and RadiationTherapy, Cologne, Germany July 2016

  2. Where we are in Poland and EU

  3. The Heryk NiewodniczanskiInstitute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków, Poland • -founded 1958 • - 550 personnel • (190 with Ph.D., 60 Ass. Prof. • 42 full Prof) • 5 divisions • particle physics and astrophysic • nuclear physics and strong interactions • physics of condensed matter • theoretical physics, applied physics • and interdisciplinary research • - National Centre for Hadron Radiotherapy • -devices: • V-d Graaff (2.5 MeV protons) • Cyclotron AIC144 (60 MeV p) – eye radiotherapy started in 2011 • Cyclotron PROTEUS C235 (230 MeV p) + Gantry – proton radiotherapy • of deep tumors, June 2016!!!

  4. LABORATORY OF INDIVIDUAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DOSIMETRY(LADIS) • -established in 2001 • - got accredtitation in 2002 • personal and environmental • dosimetry service using • thermoluminescent detectors • quality control of X-rays machines • - personel: 12 physicists, • 4 technicians • 3 administration

  5. TERMOLUMINESCENCE Thermoluminescence is thermally stimulated light emission following the removal of excitation by ionizing radiation Professional TL material placed on a heater at 360oC emits light. The most popular TL material we have home is just salt

  6. THERMOLUMINESCENT DETECTORS (TLD) www.wikipedia.org Marilyn Monroe (1926-1962)

  7. THERMOLUMINESCENT DETECTORS (TLD) Professional TL detectors made by LiF:Mg, Ti and dosemeters for dosimetry of ionizing radiation TL Detectors Individual dosemeters

  8. INDIVIUDUAL DOSE EQUIVALENTS Hp(10), Hp(0,07) i Hp(3) New from 2012 For measurements on 3 mm depth in thissue (for eye-lens) Hp(3) w mSv 10 mm depth for the whole body Dosimetry of deep organs Hp(10) w mSv Mrs Anna Piaskowska, PhD student at IFJ 0,07mm Skin dosimetry Hp(0,07) w mSv Operational quantities Hp(10), Hp(0,07) i Hp(3) could be measured with those detectors and results with a conservative approximation are equal to effective dose. Units are from ICRU.

  9. HOW TO MEASURE DOSE WITH TLD’s? DI-02 PI-01 CALIBRATION Annealing BACKGROUND USER READING GROUPS INTEGRAL OF 4TH PEAK IS PROPORTIONAL TO ABSORBED DOSE ANALYSING GLOW CURVE

  10. DOSEMETER USERS Nuclear medicine is only 2%

  11. RESULTS - Hp(10) MEASUREMENTS UP TO SEPT. 2014 Results 2002-2009 published: M. Budzanowski, R. Kopeć, B. Obryk and P. Olko DOSE LEVELS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURES IN POLAND BASED ON RESULTS FROM THE ACCREDITED DOSIMETRY SERVICE AT THE IFJ PAN, KRAKOWRadiation Protection Dosimetry (2011), Vol. 144

  12. RESULTS – 10 HIGHEST Hp(10) REPORTED Limit = 20 mSv/y

  13. RESULTS – 10 HIGHEST Hp(0,07) REPORTED

  14. AVERAGE ANNUAL OCCUPATIONAL DOSES Values are in mSv/y Occupational doses for nuclear medicine staff are 2 x then in other medicine groups Limit = 20 mSv/y

  15. DOSESINDEPARTEMNTOFSCINTIGRAPHY • Technical staff (preparation) and nurses received the highest doses; • Hp(0.07) were higher than Hp(10) by a factor 5 to 12; • Measurments Hp(3) were gave comparable results with Hp(10);

  16. DOSESIN PET- CT CENTRES Comparison between A and B PET-CT centres: • Doses in centre B >> A; • Reasons: • lead apron was used only in centre A (Hp(10)); • better expertise and procedures in centre A; • Ratio Hp(3)/Hp(10) • higher in centre A than • in centre B • Reason: wrong • placement eye lens dosemeter; A B All procedures withlead apron No procedures withlead apron

  17. SUMMARY • 90% of persons exposed work in medicine and 10 % in industry; • From 65% up to 95% of all individual doses are on the level of natural background; • The dose levels between 0,1 and 5 mSv/quarter are most frequent in nuclear medicine; • Doses in nuclear medicine are 2 times higher then in other • medical groups; • Occupational exposure of staff in nuclear medicine can vary • significantly for different departments and worker; • The highest doses are reported and are almost exlusively due to the accidental exposure of dosemeters left in the vicinity of radiation sources Results 2002-2009 published: 1. DOSE LEVELS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURES IN POLAND BASED ON RESULTS FROM THE ACCREDITED DOSIMETRY SERVICE AT THE IFJ PAN, KRAKOW M. Budzanowski, R. Kopeć, B. Obryk and P. Olko Radiation Protection Dosimetry (2011), Vol. 144, No. 1-4, pp. 107-110 2. ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WHOLE BODY, EXTREMITY AND EYE LENS DOSES FOR MEDICAL STAFF IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE R. Kopec, M. Budzanowski, A. Budzynska, R. Czepczynski, M. Dziku, J.Sowinski, A. Wyszomirska Radiat. Meas. 46 (2011) 1295-1298

  18. LABORATORY OF INDIVIDUAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DOSIMETRY Probably the best laboratory dawki.ifj.edu.pl www.ifj.edu.pl Mrs Anna Kruk

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