1 / 17

Exploring Chemistry of Cells: Atoms, Elements, Bonds, and Water Properties

Dive into the fascinating world of chemistry within cells, understanding atoms, elements, compounds, and chemical bonds. Explore the structure and behavior of water in cellular environments, including its unique properties like cohesion, adhesion, and capillary action. Learn about solvents, solutes, solutions, and suspensions, as well as the concepts of acids, bases, pH scale, and buffers in cellular chemistry.

towen
Download Presentation

Exploring Chemistry of Cells: Atoms, Elements, Bonds, and Water Properties

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chemistry of Cells 3-1

  2. Atoms • make up all living and non-living things • smallest unit that can't be broken down by chemical means • every atom has a nucleus, electrons (e-), protons (p+), and neutrons (n)

  3. Elements • when a substance is made of only one kind of atom • cannot be broken down into any other substance • Ex: Au -- atoms are all Au • Periodic table outlines known elements

  4. Ions • particles with unequal # of p+ and e-

  5. Electrons • e- organized outside the nucleus by amount of energy they possess • e- close to nucleus = low energy • e- far from nucleus = high energy

  6. Isotopes • atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons

  7. Compound • substance formed by 2 or more elements in definite proportions • written as formulas: • NaCl = sodium chloride (salt) • H2O = water • HCl = hydrochloric acid • CO2 = carbon dioxide

  8. Chemical Bonds • Covalent bonds • 2 atoms that share e- • group of atoms held together with a covalent bond called a molecule • Very strong bond, formed between 2 or more specific atoms sharing e-

  9. Chemical Bonds • Ionic bonds • form between 2 atoms of opposite charge • exchange of e- occurs to form the ions that form the ionic bond • Force of attraction btwn a (+) and (-) ion is the ionic bond • Will break apart in water and produce free ions

  10. Chemical Bonds • Hydrogen • weak bond that links molecules • forms btwn 2 polar molecules (have unequal areas of charge) • Ex: H2O -- the shared e- here are more attracted to the O than the H • Bond structure determines the shape of DNA and proteins

  11. Water in Cells: 3-2

  12. Properties of water • 1.) Stores heat -- helps cool us down when we sweat • 2.) Clings to itself - Cohesion • causes water to be liquid at room temperature • has a surface tension

  13. Properties of water • 3) Adhesion - attraction of water to another substance • water adheres to anything it can form a hydrogen bond 4) Capillary Action - water adheres to a substance with a surface charge

  14. Properties of water • 5) Water ionizes! - covalent bonds of water break down into OH- + H+ • 6) Good solvent - dissolves solutes (Ex: sugar) into a solution --- molecules evenly distributed

  15. Definitions • Solute - substance that is dissolved • Solvent - substance in which the solute is dissolved • Solution - mix of solvent and solute • Suspension - mix of water and non-dissolved material Ex: sugar cube in water

  16. Acids and Bases • Acid - forms H+ in water (donates a proton) • Base - forms OH- in water (accepts a proton) • pH scale - tells how much H+ ion you have in soln. • 1 7 14 • Buffer - weak acids or bases that react with strong acids and bases to prevent sharp pH changes.

More Related