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Chemistry of Cells

Chemistry of Cells. Agriculture Biology Mr. Bushman. Property of Atoms. Matter Anything that has mass or volume Atom Smallest particle that can exist and still be recognized as a certain kind of matter. Property of Atoms. Element Matter that is made of only ONE kind of atom.

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Chemistry of Cells

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  1. Chemistry of Cells Agriculture Biology Mr. Bushman

  2. Property of Atoms • Matter • Anything that has mass or volume • Atom • Smallest particle that can exist and still be recognized as a certain kind of matter

  3. Property of Atoms • Element • Matter that is made of only ONE kind of atom

  4. Major Elements found in Plants • Macro elements • There are 16 essential elements needed for normal plant growth • These are needed in different amounts by the plant

  5. Major Elements found in Plants • Carbon – C • Hydrogen – H • Oxygen – O • Nitrogen – N • Phosphorus - P

  6. Minor Elements found in Plants • Potassium – K • Calcium – C • Magnesium – Mg • Sulfur – S

  7. Minor Elements found in Plants • Boron – B • Copper – Cu • Chlorine – Cl • Iron – I • Manganese – Mn • Molybdenum – Mo • Zinc – Zn

  8. Major Elements found in Animals • Calcium – Ca • Phosphorus – P • Sodium – Na • Chlorine – Cl • Potassium – K

  9. Major Elements found in Animals • Fluorine – F • Manganese – Mn • Molybdenum – Mo • Selenium – Se • Zinc - Zn

  10. Major Elements found in Animals • Sulfur – S • Iron – I • Iodine – Fe • Cobalt – Co • Copper – Cu

  11. Compounds • Compounds • Matter that is made of more then one kind of element • Organic Compounds • Compounds that contain the element carbon

  12. Compounds • Carbohydrates • Organic compounds that the living things use to get their energy • Lipids • Organic compounds used by organisms to get energy when carbohydrates are not available. • Ex. Fats, oils, and waxes

  13. Compounds • Protein • Organic compounds used for building body parts • Nucleic Acids • Proteins and CH20 can be used to form nucleic acids. • Nucleic acids control all activities in the cell

  14. Compounds • There are two types of Nucleic Acids • DNA • RNA • Enzymes • Special kinds of protein that control chemical reactions in living things

  15. Proteins • Cell Structure • Cell membrane contains protein molecules

  16. Proteins • Cell Structure • Protein molecules help substances move into and out of the cell

  17. Function of Proteins • Produced on ribosome‘s

  18. Functions of Protein • Used to build body parts and cell membranes • Used in formation of nucleic acids • DNA • RNA

  19. H20 what is it good for? • The importance of WATER! • Living things are made of many atoms organized into compounds. • Approximately 70% of body mass is made up of water.

  20. H20 what is it good for? • Water acts as a transport system for nutrients and wastes • Compounds that dissolve in water form solutions • Dissolves nutrients are trasported along with the water to where they are used.

  21. Properties of Water • Cohesion • The polarity of water molecules cause them to cling to one another. • The positive end attracts to the negative end of another molecule. • Ex. Water comes out of the tap in a stream not a spray

  22. Properties of Water • Adhesion • Water molecules that are attracted to another surface • Ex. Water attached to you after you get out of the swimming pool

  23. Water in Agriculture • Water is a universal solvent • Nearly every substance will YIELD to the presence of water • Ex. Rust, decompose, dissolve • Water is clear, colorless, tasteless and odorless

  24. Water in Agriculture • Water is a major component of life. • Plants contain 70-80% water • Animal contain 75% or more

  25. Water in Agriculture • Water is a transport medium • H20 transports nearly all nutrients to plants and animals • It reacts with chemical components to help break down nutrients or food into usable products

  26. Water in Agriculture • Water as a regulatory agent • Provides rigidity to cells allowing maintenance and shape due to osmosis • Regulates body temperature in animals through perspiration and evaporation

  27. Water in Agriculture • Water as a regulatory agent • Tugor pressure of plant cells regulated through transpiration and evaporation • Limiting factor of both plant and animal production

  28. Water in Agriculture • Conservation and water quality • Save clean water • Dispose of household products • Care for farmland, lawns, and garden carefully • Practice sensible pest control

  29. Water in Agriculture • Conservation and water quality • Control water runoff from fields, feed lots, lawns and gardens • Control soil erosion • Avoid spillage or dumping of chemicals into water systems • Proper maintenance of septic tanks

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