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Explore the concept of culture in animals and discover if they share similar behaviors, communication, and emotions as humans. Delve into proverbs that describe animal characteristics and engage in reading activities to gain insight into the animal world. Discuss and express your preference of being a powerful, intelligent, or wise animal.
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New collegeEnglish Book One
Unit Five Animal World
I Preparation II Reading Activities IV Translation & Writing III Further Development Unit Five
Part I Preparation 1. Group Discussion 2. Proverbs of animals
Activity 1Group Discussion 1. Work in pairs to match the words and phrases with the animals by drawing lines between them. Some words or expressions describe both dogs and cats.
Like to be with people Loyal, Wag its tail Dirty, Strong easy to train, Funny Smart, Love to play, bark Clean, funny, lazy, purr
不要在鸡蛋被孵出来之前就计算小鸡。 （不要过早乐观）。 物以类聚 Activity 2Proverbs of Animals • Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. • Birds of a feather flock together. • A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. ［谚］双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
Part II Reading Activities 1. Pre-reading Questions 2. Text Organization 3. Sentence Study 4. Words & Phrases
Do Animals Have a Culture Pre-reading Questions
_____use tools _____share knowledge _____communicate with spoken words _____practice religion _____have emotions (情感) _____make tools Pre-reading Questions Work in pairs to decide which of the following are true of animals, excluding humans. Put a tick in the appropriate blanks.
Fresh Start Text Organization
Text Organization Presenting the questions:(Para.1) 1) Do animals have a culture as we human beings do? 2) What is culture? • Answering the questions:(Para.2~5) • These aspects can also be found in animals. • So do chimpanzees. • 3) Animals can do the same things and there is a • “cultural” difference among animals. • 4) Animals can learn sign language. There are limits to the culture of animals. (Para.6)
Sentence Study 1. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. ( Line 4) 【语法】 It is … that (who) … 在此句型中，that前强调的往往是事或物。 如果强调的是人，也可用who，也可不用。 【译文】 行为模式促使人们生活在一起。
Sentence Study 2. As far as we know, no ape has formed social institutions, such as religion or law. (Line 50) 【句型】 As far as we know, …据我们所知, ······ As far as I am concerned, …就我而言, ······ e.g. As far as I am concerned I will support the police in their attempts to improve the service they provide.
不定式的主要功能之一就是作结果状语，这时不定式表示的动作往往在谓语动作之后发生。另外，不定式前也常加only引出结果。不定式的主要功能之一就是作结果状语，这时不定式表示的动作往往在谓语动作之后发生。另外，不定式前也常加only引出结果。 Sentence Study 3.I looked up to find that another poor soul had met the same fate as I had. （Line 33） 【语法】 e.g. A few days later he came back onlyto find that the troops had left.
Words & Phrases 1. have in common(Line 3, Para. 1)共有 【例句】 1. The operating systems of these two computers have nothing in common
Words & Phrases 2. remove(Line 23, Para. 3) vt. & vi. 1) take off or away from the place occupied; take to another place 自原来位置拿开；取去；移动 2) dismiss 把······免职；撤去 【例句】 The general was determined to remove the troops to the front.
Words & Phrases 3. rule out(Line 35, Para. 5) 把······排除在外；排除······的可能性 【例句】 Police have ruled out murder but are still holding several people for questioning.
Words & Phrases 4. tell…from(Line 35, Para. 5) recognize the difference between one thing and another 将……和……区分开来，辨别 【例句】 I've always had a problem with telling my left from my right.
Words & Phrases 5. hold onto(Line 37, Para. 5) • Keep grasping 抓住 某人或某物 • Keep or retain sth 保留或保有某物 【例句】 1) He held on to the rock to stop himself slipping. 2) I’d hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
Words & Phrases 6. communicate (Line 53,54, Para. 6) 1) 告知；传达（意见、感受） 2) 联络；通信；交换（看法等） 【例句】 1) Generally speaking, teachers are able to communicate their ideas clearly. 2) The Minister for Foreign Affairs has already communicated on this event with the American President.
Part III Further Development Group Work ------I’d rather be…
Group Work Offering tips for freshmen Directions: Imagine that if one day human beings became extinct in the world, what kind of animal would you like to be?The following words and expressions are for your reference. Powerful Intelligent wise strong large Huge survive stand pressure endure hardship
Sample Answer1 • I would like to be an eagle. Soaring high above the mountains, I take the vast expanse of sky as my territory. Creatures on the ground are small but all clear in my eyes. I love the feeling. I can pick anything I like as my food with the sharp claws and beak and nothing could hurt me except human beings, which have all died out.
Sample Answer 2 • I’d rather be a turtle if human beings became extinct. Although turtles move very slowly and they seem to be rather stupid, I regard them as the wisest kind of animal. They don’t easily reveal their power to the multitude, which makes it easier for them to survive. But when the situation becomes worse, their great ability to stand the pressure from the outside will help them to get an upper hand in the battle against nature. Unlike lions and tigers, whose strength is powerful but can only last for a short time, turtles maintain their potential till the end of their days in order to cope with any difficulty at any time.
Part IV Translation & Writing 1. Translation Skills 2. Writing Practice
Translation Skills 词类转译（1）—名词和动词的转换
Translation Skills 由于英汉语言在表达方式和遣词造句等方面的差异，翻译时不能逐字硬译，也不能一味追求词类的对应，而需要把原文中属于某种词类的词在译文中转换成另一类，这就是词类转换。词类转换是英汉互译中很重要的手段之一。
Translation Skills • 1． 英译汉的词类转换 • 1.1 名词转译为动词 • A. 由动词派生的名词 • 1) We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior. • 我们已经把使用和发明工具，从区分动物和人类行为的方法中排除出去了。 • 2) Another way of dealing with enemies is either to have a very good protection or to be able to escape quickly. • 还有一种对付敌人的方式是，要么防卫可靠要么能够迅速逃逸。
Translation Skills B. 含有动作意味的名词 1) When the termites bite at the stick, the chimpanzee removes it and eats them off the end—like our use of a fork. 当白蚁啃咬树枝时，就把树枝抽回，接着就把枝条底端的白蚁吃掉——就和我们使用餐叉一样。 C. 有些加后缀-er 的词 1) He is a lover of animals. 他热爱动物。 2) The castle gets lots of visitors from America. 有很多美国人到这座城堡来游览。
Translation Skills 1.2 动词转译为名词 A. 名词派生的动词 1) An interest in people's deepest feelings characterizes all her writings. 对人们最深沉感情的关注，是她所有著作的特征。 B. 名词转用的动词 1) You can see what a Dodo looked like from the picture. 你只能从照片中得知渡渡鸟的模样。
Translation Skills 2．汉译英的词类转换 2.1 动词转译为名词 1) 我不知道你喜欢喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ I don't know your preferences, would you like tea or coffee? 2.2 名词转译为英语动词 1) 结婚戒指是夫妇结合的象征。 A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife. 2) 工厂必须把增加产量作为自己的目标。 The factory must aim at an increase in production.
Writing Practice Directions: Write an article entitled "The Animal I Like Best" in no less than 120 words.
Sample writing Dogs are the kind of animals I like best. Firstly, they are capable of helping human beings complete different tasks. For instance, dogs are trained to pull sleighs, to guide the blind, to guard people's possessions and so on. Sometimes they are even used in medical service to help treat some patients, because of their obedience and great understanding of human beings. Furthermore, dogs can be wonderful companions. They are loyal to their owners, and always act as quiet listeners when people complain and as a source of joy when people are blue. This kind of emotional intimacy between humans and dogs can't be matched by any other intimacy between humans and animals. No wonder dogs are perceived to be the best friends of human beings, and undoubtedly I consider them my favorite kind of animal.
