Comparing African Nations

1. Comparing African Nations Mrs. Gaines Social Studies

2. Taking Notes-Take out paper and copy Economic Review

3. Day One: Economic Systems • Traditional economies are economies in which people usually produce just what they need to survive. Land is owned by the wealthy. Most people live the same life as their parents-like herding, farming and crafts work. • Command economies are run by the government. The government decides what to make, how to make it and for whom they will make it. The government controls all businesses and there is little private ownership allowed. • Market economies are often called free market economies, allows for private ownership and little governmental regulation. • Many nations have a mixed economy with aspects of both a command and market economy. • Africa is diverse and people live in many different types of situations economically.

4. Voluntary Trade • What are trade barriers????? Why trade? Voluntary trade occurs when different regions choose to engage in exchange of goods. Nations cannot always produce all their needs in an efficient manner. • Specialization- when a population divides the necessary labor and jobs and assigns them to the most efficient person for the job. • Exports-nation sells to another, Imports are goods that a country purchases from another • Trade barriers-obstacles to trade-some are natural like deserts and others are political like trade policies. • Tariff-taxes on goods • Quota-limits on items imported • Embargo –refusal to trade due to policy issues like apartheid Trade Barriers Market Command

5. Extension Activity & Homework • Now let’s read Africa Economics Background Information. • Work with a partner and answer the questions on your own paper. • Be sure to write complete sentences for answers.

6. Pair ShareAnswer these on your own paper • Explain how poverty affects the people of Sub-Saharan Africa. • Explain some of the causes and effects of child labor in Africa. • Explain how Africa’s mineral wealth affects the economies, cultures and governments of some African nations. • Explain why African nations have such large foreign debts and why these are harmful to poor countries in Africa • How are some African people and nations working to improve their economic situations? • What are the OAU and AEC and what is their purpose?

7. Create a Graphic Organizer

8. Governmental Systems of Africa • Democracy-citizens elect their leaders and make decisions on laws. • Republics-governments elect representatives to make decisions for them. Democracies and republics are very similar, however in a democracy citizens vote on things directly-in a republic the representative votes on behalf of the people. • Absolute monarchy-king and queen have full power. • Constitutional monarchy-king and queen share power with elected body. • Parliamentary*-real power is vested in the cabinet and Prime Minister. Lesotho (King head of state) • Dictatorships*-government led by individual or group-citizens have little power. • Presidential* -government in which the president is constitutionally independent of legislature. Senegal is an example.

9. Distribution of Power

10. Citizen Participation

11. Puzzle Review • On your puzzle list the following terms: • Communism • Chronology • Civilian • Constitutional Monarchy • Corruption • Coup • Democracy • Depose • Developing nation • Dictator 11. Dictatorship 12. Exiles 13. Famine 14. Human rights abuses 15. Infrastructure 16. Produce 17. Rebels 18. Reform 19. Refugees 20. Unity

12. Review Governments • Working in pairs complete the questions on your own paper. • Each partner must have their own answers, but may work quietly together. • When you finish raise your hand for further directions. • If there is time, we will PLAY A GAME, but only if everyone has complete answers.

13. Extension Activity • Complete the reading of Overview of African Governments. • Review and define the vocabulary and work in pairs to create a crossword puzzle word search or other review game with the terms. There are nine different choices. Anything not completed in class is homework!!! • Use one of these websites: http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/

14. Booklet • We will create a booklet today to take notes in for this unit. • Please follow directions carefully. • Bring this with you to class each and every day. Write name and class period on back! Comparing African Nations

15. Democratic Republic of Congo • Watch “The Rape of a Nation” and discuss impact of conflict, corruption and poverty. Is this a real republic?

16. DRC or The Country of ZaireWhich is it? • Read pages 525-527 • On your notes write and define • Kwame Nkrumah • OAU • ECOWAS • Mediate • Coup d'état • Jerry John Rawlings

17. Democratic Republic of Congo • A vast country with immense economic resources, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) has been at the centre of what could be termed Africa's world war. Conflict has affected the economy despite government changes to modernize, other nations are reluctant to become financially involved. • Capital: Kinshasa Government: Republic/President Kabila (really a dictator) • This country has a long history of corruption, political and social insecurity. • Economy: Mixed with reforms to improve trade and investment. • Major languages: French, Lingala, Kiswahili, Kikongo, Tshiluba • Ethnic groups: Bantu, Mongo, Luba and Kongo • Major religions: Christianity, Islam • Life expectancy: 46 years (men), 49 years (women) • Infant death: 81.21 deaths/1,000 live births • Literacy Rate: 67.2% • Main exports: Diamonds, copper, coffee, cobalt, crude oil • GDP per capita: $300.00 • Many statistics are not available. Read Section

18. The Sudan & Darfur • Watch “The Silent Genocide” and “An Americans Personal Account” • Pair Share-discus • What is Darfur? • Why is this happening? What could we do?

19. Republic of the Sudan • The largest country in Africa and tenth largest in the world. The name “Sudan” means “Land of the Blacks” • Current government and president Omar al-Bashir is considered a dictator. The International Criminal Court has issues a warrant for his arrest • Country is flat with several mountain ranges, North Sudan is mostly desert and often experiences heavy sand storms. • Large amounts of mineral resources like gold and petroleum. • Recent ties to Islamic terrorists and home to Osama Bin Laden from 1992-1996. • Statistics: Transitional government replaced military “junta” in 1996. Today there is power sharing government between three parties: the National Unity Party, National Congress Party and Peoples Liberation Movement. The head of the government is the president-Omar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR. • Sudan has a mixed economic system, with growing exports of oil. Still today 80% of the population is involved in agriculture, many in subsistence farming. $2,300 GDP per captia. Infant death rate: 82.43 deaths per 1,000. Literacy rate: 61.1%

20. Nigeria • Africa’s most populous country, has a history of military rule and tension between ethnic and religious groups. Today Nigeria, is a federal republic. There are three branches and the head of the government is the president. • Currently moving towards a market economy and offering private ownership and away from government controlled economy. GDP per capita-$2,300.00. • Literacy rate-68%, infant mortality-94.35 per 1,000 live births, religions-Christian 40%, Muslim 50% and 10% other, employment-70% agriculture and 30% service and industry

21. Nigeria Land of Diversity • Students will work together to locate the answers to ten questions using the webpage: www.mrsgainesworld.com • Scroll down to Nigeria and enter the page • Number 1-10 on your own paper and answer the ten questions using the links provided. • Each student needs to turn in this work.

22. Who is Adanna?

23. Read Adanna’s Letter • After reading the letter, answer the questions attached. • Write a letter back to Adanna relating to her about the United States of America, our state Georgia and include: Government, economies, population/types of people, culture and lifestyles.

24. Government of Kenya • Although Kenya is a republic, individual states are more tightly controlled by the central government than in the United States. • Presidential form until 2007 when violence led to changes. Today they have a Prime Minister and President and a power sharing agreement. • Over 10 political parties, but two are most powerful, anyone over 18 can vote. • Population: 39.8 million (UN, 2009) • Geography: Tropical rain forests, dry plateaus, fertile plans • Economy: Capitalism/Market GDP per captia: $1,600,00 • Known for: animal life, animal preserves • Issues: Pollution-water • Ethnic groups: Kikuyu, Luhya, Luo • Major languages: Swahili, English • Major religion: Christianity • Life expectancy: 54 years (men), 55 years (women) • Literacy Rate: 85.1% • Infant Mortality Rate: 54.7 deaths/1,000 live births • Main exports: Tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products • Labor: agriculture: 75%, industry and services: 25% Unemployment: 40%

25. Face to Face with Jomo Kenyatta • To learn about Kenya we will complete a play • Parts: Mark Question-Interviewer and Jomo Kenyatta • Listen to the details of life in Kenya and be prepared to demonstrate understanding after the play.

26. How do government systems, gender, population and education affect a persons standard of living? Kenya Sudan

27. Republic of South Africa • Sits on the southern tip of Africa. Enjoys a mild climate and coastline. • Most developed nation in Africa with a large middle class. They have valuable resources like diamonds and gold. • Has three capitals Cape Town-is the legislative capital, Pretoria-is the administrative capital and Bloemfontein is the judicial capital. • Statistics: Republic with a president, Market economy with 10,000 GDP per Captia. 96.5% work in service and industry and only 3.5% in agriculture. Infant mortality rate: 44.42 per 1,000 live births, literacy rate: 86.4% with 13 years of required education. • History of apartheid and segregation until 1994. This continues to affect the country today. Large social services due to poverty. Government housing and business development important today for the poor.

28. Think of voting and personal freedom Compare Government Systems-

29. Influences of Economic Growth Nigeria South Africa • Market economy with highly developed, privatized enterprise system. • Abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; a stock exchange that is 17th largest in the world; and modern infrastructure supporting an efficient distribution of goods to major urban areas. • Gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas • 22% unemployment • GDP per capita $10,000 • Mixed economy with government intervention in oil and oil production. • 11th largest producer of oil accounting for 85% of their budget. Few of the people benefit from the $. Over dependant on oil for income. When prices drop Nigeria experiences difficulty. • Severely underdeveloped • Huge population, 1 in 5 children die before age 5, attempts to serve the huge population is a drain on the country. Little infrastructure in a position to help the people. • 5% unemployment • GDP per capita $2300.00

30. Compare Economic Systems South Africa Nigeria Both

31. Egypt Statistics • 90% Egyptians with 90% Islamic-mostly Sunni, they speak Arabic, English and French. • Republic with Prime Minister (head of govt.) and President (chief of state) 30% agriculture and 70% in service and industry • Mixed economy with desire to open to foreign trade and investment. GDP per capita: $6,000 with 20% of the population living below the poverty line. • Infant mortality rate 27. 26, life expectancy 72, literacy rate 71.4 with men having higher rates than women

32. Impact of Environment on Africa • The Top Seven Worst Pollution Problems in Africa • Some of the Worst Pollution Problems are in many ways products of poverty. High levels of urbanization, lack of infrastructure and formal sector employment, and overstretched governments, present very dangerous conditions for human health. Nowhere is this better illustrated than Africa, which bears a disproportionate amount of the global burden of disease. The Seven Worst Pollution Problems in Africa highlights some of the problems making the economic development of the world’s poorest continent that much more challenging. • Abandoned mines • Artisanal gold mining • Contaminated surface water • Indoor air pollution • Oil refineries and petrochemical plants • Radioactive waste and uranium mining • Untreated sewage

33. Location and Its effect on Development • Water and lack of water can impact where populations settle, how they travel and what life style they have. • Lack of water, drought, desertification and loss of freshwater sources can cause migration (ex. Bantu…) • Weather patterns also affect where a people choose to live-like typhoons and tsunamis tend to cause people to move or adapt their homes and way of life so that they can survive.

34. How Would Life Be Different?

35. Guess What?????