Chapter 10: Muslim Civilizations 622 – 1629

1. Chapter 10: Muslim Civilizations622 – 1629 • Chapter Focus: Who was Muhammad and how did his teachings lead to the Rise of Islam?

2. S1: The Rise of Islam • The religion of Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula • Muhammad, born in the town of Mecca in 570 AD, will become the founder of this major world religion.

3. Muhammad Becomes a Prophet • Muhammad is a business man who strives to live honestly and is angered by greed. • According to Muslim belief, while meditating in the hills, an angel speaks to Muhammad and tells him he is to be a messenger for God. • Muhammad urges Arabs to refuse their worship of many pagan gods, and to submit to the one true God, Allah. • The faith known as Islam begins. Islam is Arabic for ‘to submit to God.’ • At first those in Mecca reject Muhammad, but in time he will defeat his enemies, destroy the idols in the Kaaba, and unite many Arabs under Islam.

4. Teachings of Islam • The Quran: the sacred text of Islam • The 5 Pillars of Islam • Declaration of Faith • Daily Prayer • Alms for the Poor (Charity) • Fast During Ramadan (Go without food) • Hajj (travel to Mecca, Muhammad’s hometown) • Sharia: Islamic System of Law

5. S2: Building a Muslim Empire • Soon after Muhammad’s death in 632, disagreements emerged among his followers. • Shiites • The next leader (Caliph) must be the actual descendant of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law • Sunnis (the majority, even today) • The next leader (Caliph) should be a ‘pious’ Muslim, or a Muslim who follows the teachings of Islam well.

6. Despite the divisions, Muslims successfully set out on military campaigns to convert Arab tribes to Islam. • Islam Spreads under the Umayyad and Abbasid Empires (around 600’s to 1200’s AD) • East into Asia • West into Egypt, North Africa, and even Spain

7. S3: Muslim Civilization’s Golden Age • Under the Abbasid Empire, Muslim civilization absorbed traditions from many cultures, including Jewish and Christian. • Through contact in Spain and Italy, Christian Europeans began to study Muslim philosophy, art, and science. • Muslim scholars also reintroduced knowledge of Greco-Roman civilization to later Europeans.

8. Social and Economic Advances • Muslims Build and International Trade Network • Trade spreads products, technology, knowledge and culture • Manufactured Goods are Highly Valued • A wealth of fine goods: swords, carpets, furniture • Agriculture Thrives • Farmers began to grow crops from different regions

9. S4: Indian’s Muslim Empires • The arrival of Islam brought changes to India. As Muslims mingled with Indians, each civilization absorbed elements from the other. • Muslim conquest of northern India brings disaster on Hindus and Buddhists at first, but over time relations will become more peaceful.

10. S5: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires • While the Mughals ruled India, the Ottoman and Safavids dominated the Middle East and parts of Eastern Europe.

11. The Ottoman Empire • Nomadic people who migrated from central Asia into Asia Minor and Eastern Europe • In 1453, conquered Constantinople, absorbing the Byzantine Empire • The most powerful empire in both Europe and the Middle East for centuries • Sunni Muslims

12. The Safavid Empire • United an empire in Persia, located between the powers of Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire • Often engaged in warfare with the two powers • Shiite Muslims

13. Ch 10 Review Questions • What role did Muhammad play in the founding of Islam? • What are some important beliefs of Muslims? • What’s the difference between Sunni and Shiite Muslims? • What were some social and economic advances brought about by Muslim empires? • Why is it significant that the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453?

14. Chapter 10AssessmentPage 336 • # 1– 12, 14 – 17, 19 - 21 • Terms, People, and Places • Write out sentences with key terms underlined. • Main Ideas • Write out the questions and your responses. *When finished turn in for a grade.