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RENAISSANCE

RENAISSANCE. 15TH CENTURY ITALY. SOURCE: A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD – PALMER, COLTON, KRAMER. CHANGES. NEW AND INVIGORATING ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE WORLD. BREAKING DOWN OF MEDIEVAL CERTAINTIES. MIDDLE AGES  RENAISSANCE. RELIGIOUS WORDLY LIFE IS LESS IMPORTANT LIFE OF CONTEMPLATION

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RENAISSANCE

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  1. RENAISSANCE 15TH CENTURY ITALY SOURCE: A HISTORY OF THE MODERN WORLD – PALMER, COLTON, KRAMER

  2. CHANGES • NEW AND INVIGORATING ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE WORLD • BREAKING DOWN OF MEDIEVAL CERTAINTIES

  3. MIDDLE AGES  RENAISSANCE • RELIGIOUS • WORDLY LIFE IS LESS IMPORTANT • LIFE OF CONTEMPLATION • RESPECT FOR POVERTY • WORSHIP OF GOD • SECULAR • LIFE OF INVOLVEMENT AND HUMAN ACTIVITY • ENJOYMENT OF WEALTH (BY SOME!) • DEMONSTRATION OF HUMAN POWER • MAN SHAPED HIS OWN DESTINY OFTEN A COMBINATION OF ATTITUDES

  4. REBIRTH • RE-BIRTH OF GRECO-ROMAN CIVILISATION • “NEW” CULTURE WAS NEITHER THEOLOGICAL NOR SCIENTIFIC BUT ASKED WHAT HUMAN BEINGS OUGHT TO BE AND DO: • STYLE • TASTE • DECORUM • PERSONAL CHARACTER • EDUCATION

  5. CITY-STATES • THE BIGGEST AND MOST BUSTLING TOWNS IN EUROPE • THESE TOWNS WERE INDEPENDENT CITY-STATES: • CONTROLLED BY MERCHANT OLIGARCHIES • NO KINGS • POPES LARGELY ABSENT (WHY?)

  6. TRADE • MERCHANTS MADE FORTUNES IN COMMERCE • LENT MONEY TO POPES AND PRINCES • MERCHANTS MADE FURTHER FORTUNES AS BANKERS

  7. FLORENCE • CHIEF CITY IN TUSCANY (POPULATION 60,000) • PRODUCTION OF WOOLENS

  8. FAMOUS PEOPLE • DANTE • PETRARCH • BOCCACCIO • MACHIAVELLI • MEDICI FAMILY

  9. MEDICI FAMILY • GIOVANNI de MEDICI (1360 – 1429) MERCHANT AND BANKER • COSIMO de MEDICI (1389 – 1464) • LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT (1449 – 1492) De MEDICI FAMILY RULED OVER FLORENCE UNTIL THE FAMILY DIED OUT IN 1737

  10. ART ARCHITECTURE • SPACE WAS NO LONGER UNKNOWABLE AND DIVINE • ADAPTATION OF GRECO-ROMAN ARCHITECTURE • GRANDEUR, IMPORTANCE, CONVENIENCE FOR HUMAN USE

  11. ART SCULPTURE • GREEK/ROMAN TRADITION • INDEPENDENT AND FREE-STANDING ART • (NUDE) HUMAN BEINGS

  12. ART PAINTING • FEW EXAMPLES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES • INVENTIONS: • PAINTING IN OILS • PERSPECTIVE • HUMAN ANATOMY • MORE EXPRESSION • INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITIES

  13. HUMANISM • RISING INTEREST IN HUMANE LETTERS = WRITING ABOUT MANKIND • AS MAIN LIFE’S WORK • TO ACHIEVE ARTISTIC EFFECT • TO AMUSE THE READER • CLASSICAL INFLUENCES => WROTE IN LATIN (AND ITALIAN...FLORENTINE BECOMES STANDARD OF MODERN ITALIAN) • WRITING WITHOUT FRAMEWORK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF • STYLE WAS VERY IMPORTANT • HISTORICAL WRITING CREATED GROUP IDENTITY • NEW CRITICAL ATTITUDE

  14. EDUCATION • DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OR LEVELS INTO SEPARATE CLASSES, SEPARTE ROOMS, WITH OWN TEACHER • LATIN & GREEK • RHETORIC • IDEAL RENAISSANCE MAN: • WELL-ROUNDED PERSON • ABLE TO CONVERSE EASILY • KNOWLEDGABLE IN CLASSICAL SUBJECTS • PROFICIENT IN SPRTOS AND ARMS • ABLE TO DANCE AND APPRECIATE MUSIC • WILLING TO SHOW CONSIDERATION FOR OTHERS

  15. WOMEN • BY THE AGE OF 18 MARRIED TO OLDER (ESTABLISHED) MEN • DIFFERENT AGES REINFORCED GENDER DIVISION: MEN => CAREER WOMEN => HOUSEHOLD

  16. POLITICS • NO UNIFICATION OF CITY-STATES • WARS FOUGHT WITH CONDOTIERRI (PRIVATE LEADERS OF ARMED BANDS) • POLITICS BECAME A TANGLED WEB • MACHIAVELLLI THE PRINCE • TO CONVINCE ITALIANS OF THE NEED TO UNIFY • “THE END JUSTIFIES THE MEANS”

  17. 6 MAY 1527 – THE SACKING OF ROME • ITALY IS DIVIDED AND NOT PREPARED AND IN 1527 A GROUP OF SPANISH AND GERMAN MERCENARIES ATTACK ROME • THOUSANDS WERE KILLED • POPE IMPRISONED • LOOTING AND DESTRUCTION • THE GLORIES OF THE RENAISSANCE BEGIN TO FADE AWAY IN ITALY BUT LIVES ON IN THE REST OF EUROPE

  18. *PETRARCH • FLORENTINE EXILE • FIRST MAN OF LETTERS • SON OF A MERCHANT • TRAVELLED FRANCE AND ITALY • WRITING SHOWS THE COMPLEX, CONTRADICTORY ATTITUDES OF EARLY REN THOUGHT • ATRRACTED BY LOVE, LIFE, BEAUTY, TRAVEL • ASPIRED LITERARY FAME • MORAL PHILOSOPHY • WHAT WAS THE GOOD LIFE?

  19. *BOCCACCIO • WROTE DECAMERON IN ITALIAN • SCHOLARLY TYPE

  20. *DANTE • WROTE DIVINE COMEDY (IN VERNACULAR)

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