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Reports from WWS and Status and Plans of Physics and Detector Activities in Asia

Reports from WWS and Status and Plans of Physics and Detector Activities in Asia. - In the context of global efforts -. Hitoshi Yamamoto Tohoku University. IHEP Beijing, 2006/1. ILC Physics. e.g. Higgs coupling measurements. SM Higgs : coupling mass.

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Reports from WWS and Status and Plans of Physics and Detector Activities in Asia

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  1. Reports from WWSand Status and Plans of Physics and Detector Activities in Asia - In the context of global efforts - Hitoshi Yamamoto Tohoku University IHEP Beijing, 2006/1

  2. ILC Physics

  3. e.g. Higgs coupling measurements SM Higgs : coupling mass

  4. Higgs Couplings : Deviations from SM (By S. Yamashita) SUSY (2 Higgs Doulet Model) Extra dimension (Higgs-radion mixing)

  5. ILC Detector Performance Goals (http://blueox.uoregon.edu/~lc/randd.pdf) • Vertexing • ~1/5 rbeampipe,~1/30 pixel size (wrt LHC) • Tracking • ~1/6 material, ~1/10 resolution (wrt LHC) • Jet energy (quark reconstruction) • ~1/2 resolution (wrt LHC) Or better

  6. PFA (Particle Flow Algorithm) • Many other important modes have 4 or more jets : e.g. • Higgs self-coupling : 6 jets • Top Yukawa coupling : 8 jets • WW* branching fraction of Higgs : 4 jets+missing n • How to achieve for jet ? • Basic idea : PFA • Use trackers for charged particles • Use ECAL for photon • The rest is assumed to be neutral hadrons (ECAL+HCAL)

  7. Z→qq (by T. Yoshioka) e- e+ Red : pion Yellow : gamma Blue : neutron

  8. - Gamma Finding gamma Red : pion Yellow : gamma Blue : neutron

  9. - Track Matching Red : pion Yellow : gamma Blue : neutron

  10. Remaining hits are assumed to be neutral hadrons. Red : pion Yellow : gamma Blue : neutron

  11. PFA : major soruce = confusion • Using typical values • ... and ignoring confusion, • Confusion is dominant even for the goal of • → fine segmentation , large radius, large B : cost!

  12. Increase ECAL radius (Rin) to separate clusters • Charged track separation  B Rin2 • Neutral separation  Rin Neutral separation not helped by B →Large ECAL radius

  13. GLD Detector Concept • Large ECAL radius, moderate B field • Asian studies of ILC physics and detector are focused around GLD (Global LC Detector) • Active international leadership • Mike Ronan, Graham Wilson • Mark Thomson, Ron Settles • Hwanbae Park, HY • One of the three major detector concepts recognized by WWS

  14. GLD Executive board • S. Yamashita - detector optimization • A. Miyamoto - software/reconstruction • Y. Sugimoto - vertexing • H.-J. Kim - intermediate trackers • R. Settles - central tracker • T. Takeshita - calorimeters • T. Tauchi - MDI • H. Yamaoka - magnet/support • P. LeDu- DAQ • M. Thomson - space/band-width watch dog

  15. Major Detector Concept Studies(the parameters are the current defaults - may change) • SiD (American origin) • Silicon tracker, 5T field • SiW ECAL • 4 ‘coordinators’ (2 Americans, 1 Asian, 1 European) • LDC (European origin) • TPC, 4T field • SiW ECAL (“medium” radius) • 6 ‘contact persons’: (2 Americans, 2 Asians, 2 Europeans) • GLD (Asian origin) • TPC (+Silicon IT), 3T field • W/Scintillator ECAL (“large” radius) • 6 ‘contact persons’: (2 Americans, 2 Asians, 2 Europeans)

  16. + vertexing near IP ECAL/HCAL inside coil

  17. GLD

  18. Detector Concepts • 4th concept proposed at Snowmass 05 • Based on dual-readout compensating cal. • Requests from WWS for new concept (as of 2006,1) • Contact person(s) • Provide representatives for panels (R&D panel, MDI panel, Costing panel) • Produce “detector outline document” by LCWS Bangalore, March 2006

  19. WWS (Worldwide Study on Physics and Detectors) • Started in 1998 (Vancouver ICHEP) • 6 committee members from each of 3 regions • 3 co-chairs - now members of GDE • C. Baltay → J. Brau • D. Miller → F. Richard • S. Komamiya → HY • Tasks (in short) • Recognize and coordinate detector concept studies • Register and coordinate detector R&Ds • Interface with GDE • Organize LCWS (1 per year now)

  20. Detector Outline Document • Document that precedes DCR (detector concept report) • Contents (~100 pages total) • Introduction • Description of the concept • Expected performances for benchmark modes • Subsystem technology selections • Status of on-going studies • List of R&Ds needed • Costing • Conclusion

  21. Detector Timeline Accelerator Detector

  22. WWS Panels parameter done R&D MDI WWS benchmark done #det/#IR done software ........

  23. Benchmark panel charge Detector concept studies for ILC are now moving from basic concepts to optimization of detector parameters. The aim of the benchmark panel is to aid this process by proposing a minimum set of physics modes that cover capabilities of detector performance such as vertexing, tracking, calorimetries, muon system, machine-detector interface, and overall issues of particle flow and hermeticity, such that concept studies can use these modes to evaluate and optimize given detector designs. For such evaluations to be effective, benchmark panel may suggest important backgrounds to be taken into account and other assumptions used in evaluating the benchmark modes.

  24. Benchmark Panel • Document produced by the benchmark panel (WWS). (Obtainable from Snowmass05 web sites) • Short list :

  25. #det/#IR panel • 20mrad xing simpler and better understood now • Two BDSs →More constraints on linac • One BDS with 14mrad xing? • Machine simulation : more background for 2mrad • Detector simulation : more background for 20mrad

  26. #IR, #detectors • Roughly in rising/falling order of preference for acc./det. people, (iIR: instrumented IR, nIR: non-instrumented IR) • 2 iIRs/ 2 detectors     • 1 iIR/ 2 detectors (push-pull) + 1 nIR • 1 iIR/ 2 detectors (push-pull) • 1 iIR/ 1 detector (push-pull capability) • 1 iIR/ 1 detector + 1 nIR • 1 iIR/ 1 detector • #det/#IR panel of WWS (chair: J. Brau) • Produced a report (http://blueox.uoregon.edu/~lc/wwstudy) • Baseline configuration is 2IR 2det : still open

  27. R&D Panel • Charge: • Survey and prioritize R&Ds needed for ILC experiments (NOT individual proposals) • Inputs are from R&D collaborations and concept studies • Register and facilitate regional review processes • Chair:C. Damerell (also on R&D board of GDE) • Outputs: • Web links to R&Ds https://wiki.lepp.cornell.edu/wws/bin/view/Projects/WebHome • Detector R&D report (about to be public)

  28. Horizontal and Vertical collaborations It is something like this : (detail may not be accurate)

  29. Vertexing • 1 train = ~3000 bunches in 1ms, 5 Hz • Typical pixel size ~ (20mm)2 → occupancy is too high if integrate over 1 train. • No proven solution to bunch id each hit so far. Then what? • Readout during train ( ~20 times) • Standard pixel size - MAPS, CPCCD, DEPFET, SOI • Readout between train • Standard pixel size ( ~20 time slices stored on-pixel) • Store in CCD - ISIS • Store in capacitors - FAPS • Fine pixel size (~1/20 standard) • No Bunch id - FPCCD • Bunch id - CMOS (double pixel sensor) No demonstrated solution yet. (apology for not covering all...)

  30. CPCCD (column-parallel CCD) • RAL • Readout each column separately • 50MHz would readout 5cm 20 times per train • Diffusion : multi hit while shifting → fully depleted CCD? • Prototype sensor (CPC1) tested w/ >25 MHz readout. • Clock drive is challenging. • Readout chip made (CPR1) Operation verified (w/bugs to fix) • New sensor/readout fabricated (CPC2/CPR2) and under tests.

  31. MAPS (Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor) Inner layer • IReS,GSI,CEA (+SUCIMA coll.) • Use the epi-layer of commercial processes - small signal (a few 10s e) • 1Mrad g OK (SUCCESOR1) • 1012n/cm2 OK, 1013e/cm2 OK (MIMOSA9) • 3 sensors thinned to 50mm • CP,CDS works(MIMOSA8), but not fast - readout transversely. • Also try FAPS-like scheme (MIMOSA12) 5mm 2mm sensor ADC/clusterng Before&after 1Mrad g ADC count 55Fe

  32. Reset transistor Source follower Row select transistor reset gate output gate storage pixel #1 transfer gate storage pixel #20 VDD row select sense node (n+) photogate To column load n+ buried channel (n) p+ well p+ shielding implant reflected charge Charge collection reflected charge High resistivity epitaxial layer (p) ISIS (In-situ Storage Image Sensor) • RAL • Small CCD on each pixel (~20 cells) - charge is shifted into it 20 times per train • Immune to EMI • Technology exists as ultra-high-speed camera • Prototype now being made (E2V)

  33. FAPS (Flexible Active Pixel Sensor) • Pixels 20x20 mm2 • 10 storage cells per pixel (20 in the real sensor) • First prototypes in 2004 • Source test done

  34. FPCCD (KEK) • Fine-pixel CCD • (5mm)2 pixel • Fully-depleted to suppress diffusion • Immune to EMI • CCD is an established technology • Baseline for GLD • Fully-depleted CCD exists (Hamamatsu : astrophys.) • Background hits can be furhter reduced by hit pattern (~1/20) • No known problems now • Want to produce prototype in 2006

  35. CMOS (double pixel sensor) • Yale, Oregon • 2 pixel sensors on top of each other - 5x5mm2 (micro) and 50x50mm2 (macro) • Macro pixel triggers and times (bunch id) hits - up to 4 hits stored on pixel. • Micro pixels store analog signal. • Time and ADC data are read out between trains. • Only micro pixels under hit macro pixels are queried. • Two sensors in one silicon, or bump-bonded. • Conceptual design being worked with Sarnoff. 50mm

  36. Status and Plan on Vertexing • FPCCD is the baseline for GLD • Established technology • No known problems • Needs funding! • SOI (Silicon on insulator) and monolithic active pixel sensors being pursued as ageneral R&Ds (e.g. w/ super-B)

  37. Trackers • Two main candidates • TPC - central tracker for GLD, LDC • ~200 hits/track s~100mm/hit • Silicon strip - central tracker for SiD • ~5 hits/track with much better s (~7mm) • Also used as • Inner/forward tracker for GLD, LDC • Endcap tracker for GLD • Outer tracker (of TPC) for LDC (GLD?)

  38. TPC • Endplate detectors • Wires - conventional • Amplification at wires only • Signal is induced on pads - slow collection • Strong frame needed - endplate material • Wires can break • MPGD (Multi-pixel Gas Detector) -R&D items • Amplification where drift electrons hit (w/i ~100mm) • Directly detect amplified electrons on pads - fast • Ion feeback suppressed • GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) • 2-3 stages possible - discharge-safer(?) • MicroMEGAS (Micro Mesh Gas detector) • 1 stage only - simpler

  39. S1 s S2 MicroMEGAS • Micromesh with pitch~50mm • Pillar height ~ 50-100mm • Amplification between mesh and pads/strips • Most ions return to mesh. ~50mm

  40. GEM p~140mm • Two copper foils on both sides of kapton layer of ~50mm thick • Amplification at the holes • Gain~104 for 500V • Can be used multi-staged • Natural broadening can help center-of-gravity technique. p~60mm

  41. ILC TPC R&D groups (LCTPC) ~70 active people worldwide Kerlsruhe Berkeley Novosibirsk Carleton Cornell ..... Interconnected DESY Aachen Victoria KEK MPI Sacley-Orsay

  42. TPC R&D results GEM vs wire • Now 3 years of MPGD experience gathered. MPGDs compared with wire • Gas properties rather well understood (dirft velocity, diffusion effect ~ MC) • Diffusion-limited resolution seems feasible • Resistive foil charge-spreading demonstrated • CMOS RO chip demonstrated • Design work starting for the Large Prototype (funded by EUDET) Charge spreading by resistive foil

  43. Silicon Tracker R&Ds • DSSD in-house fabrication in Korea • Characterized. S/N = 25 • Radiation test in progress • RO Hybrid is produced • Long-ladder R&D (SantaCruz) • Readout chip LSTFE for long and spaced bunch train. Being tested. • Backend architecture defined • Long ladders being assembled • SILC collaboration • 10-60cm strip length • S/N = 20-30 for 28cm (Sr90), OK • New front end chip being tested ~OK. Next : power cycling • Ladder assembly prototype soon

  44. Status and Plans for Tracking • TPC • We are a part of LCTPC collaboration • EUDET • large prototype (field cage) : made to fit inside our superconducting magnet (D=85cm,1.2 Tesla) • Produce MPGD endplates for the large prototype • Si trackers • Korean groups in close contact with SILC • Endcap Tracker and outer tracker (outside of TPC) not yet studied well

  45. Critical part of PFA ‘Realistic’ PFA Full shower simulation Clustering Photon finding Track matching Achieved ~40%/E1/2 for the 3 concepts Starting to be useful for detector optimization Analog vs digital HCAL readout Segmentation However, not quite mature yet to be conclusive (high-energy jets) Large international collaboration : CALICE Calorimeters GLD Jet energy resolution at Z→qq (realistic simulation)

  46. ECAL • Silicon/W • High granularity (~1cm2 or less) and stable gain. • Cost : $2-3/cm2 for Si. How far can it go down? SLAC/Oregon/UCDavis/BNL silicon wafer (4x4mm2) CALICE prototype (1cm2 cell) beam test

  47. ECAL • Scintillator/W • Cheaper and larger granurarity (3x3 - 5x5cm2) • Scintillator strips may be cost-effective way for granurarity (1cm x Ycm : Y~5cm) • Read out by fibre + PMT or SiPM/MPPC Colorado : staggered cells (5x5cm2) Japan/Korea/Russia

  48. SiPM (invented in Russia) • ~1000 cells in 1mm2 • Limited Geiger mode • High B field (5T) OK • Gain ~ 106 ; no preamp • Fast s(1g) ~ 50ps • Quite cheap • Noisy? • Temperature dependence • Steep bias valtage dependence HAMAMATSU MPPC (Multipixel Photon Counter) Sees ~60 pe’s at room temp.

  49. 0.5 cm active 2 cm steel HCAL • Analog : Scintillator (CALICE) • Modest granurarity (3x3cm2 up) • SiPM readout • MINICAL prototype tested with 100 SiPM - Same resolution as PMT

  50. HCAL • Digital (CALICE) • Fine granurarity (~1x1cm2) • 1 bit readout • GEM and RPC w/ pad readout Common readout electronics • Understood well - ready for 1m3 prototype Signal Pad Mylar sheet 1.1mm Glass sheet 1.2mm gas gap GND 1.1mm Glass sheet -HV Mylar sheet Aluminum foil RPC GEM

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