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A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order

A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order. Ryan Harris, Isabella Martinez-Lugo, Cole Hoffer. Key Concepts - 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences. III. Political changes accompanied by demographic/social consequences C. ethnic violence and displacement of peoples

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A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order

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  1. A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order Ryan Harris, Isabella Martinez-Lugo, Cole Hoffer

  2. Key Concepts - 6.2 Global Conflicts and Their Consequences III. Political changes accompanied by demographic/social consequences C. ethnic violence and displacement of peoples IV. Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale A.ideologies used for purpose of waging war B.sources of global conflict

  3. Causes of WWII • Social, economic, & political unrest • social tensions => brought on by 1930s Great Depression • Japan • gradual militarization up until 1930s • moderate political parties

  4. Causes of WWII • China • 1920s => nationalistic forces • Guomindang party • General Chiang Kai-Shek • unified China • Japanese concern • worried Chinese would resist Jap. control in Manchuria

  5. Causes of WWII • Japan • seized Manchuria => Manchukuo • civ. politicians reluctance of resistance • Germany • change of regimes => more abrupt • Weimar Era => experienced civil war, hyperinflation => social discontent, political turmoil

  6. Causes of WWII • Nationalist Social Party (Nazi) • gained votes and parliamentary seats • promised: work, political stability • remilitarization program • Hitler => throwback communist power • need to destroy Soviet Empire • systematic dismantling of political system

  7. Causes of WWII • Italy • Mussolini inspiration • Hitler • Ethiopia bombing • fascists => cruel use of weaponry • Germany+Italy=intervened in Spanish civil war • Western Powers • refused to fight

  8. Unchecked Aggression • Totalitarian states => unchecked aggression • WWII - Sept. 1st, 1939 • lack of outside intervention • Winston Churchill => inevitability of war • Japanese - first move • invasion of Manchuria • draconian reprisals

  9. Unchecked Aggression • Tripartite pact - not signed until 1940 • Hitler • nonaggression pact with Stalin - 1939 • invasion of Poland days after • Britain & France joined war

  10. World War II: 1939-1941 Europe • Nazi Blitzkrieg • France taken in 1940 • Britain holds out • Battle of Britain • Mid 1941: Germany controls most of Europe and Mediterranean • After Britain → Nazi’s turn south and east Japan • Engaged in major war with China • Attacks Pearl Harbor (1941) • Allows for further expansion into Southeast Asia • US enters war

  11. WWII: 1941-1945 Europe • Germany invades Soviet Russia • Russians able to stop German advance • Stalingrad • Late 1944: Red Armies capture Eastern Europe • US and allies invade from West • Normandy • Battle of the Bulge • Early 1945: Allied armies enter Western Germany

  12. WWII: 1941-1945 Japan • Army was highly vulnerable → too spread out • Tried to colonize Asia • Met with resistance • Naval Battles • Battle of Coral Sea & Midway Island • 1944: US within striking distance • Atomic Bomb • Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Japan Surrenders

  13. Nazi War Against the Jews • Wannsee Conference (1942) • “Final Solution” • Destruction of Jews becomes policy of the Reich • Genocide increased as Nazi’s started losing war • Vital resources used for concentration camps • Those fit were forced to work • Those unfit were killed • 12 million killed → Holocaust • 6 million Jews • Most severe of the 20th C genocides

  14. After the War • Allies met to create framework for lasting peace • United Nations (UN) • International diplomacy/assistance expand beyond Western Powers • The beginning of the Cold War • Started by debates on post war settlement • How much territory should Soviets gain? • Tehran Conference • Allies invade France instead of Mediterranean • Soviets could take Eastern Europe (Balkan Region) • Yalta Conference • Split Germany into 4 zones

  15. After the War • Conference of Potsdam • Soviets gained Poland • Treaties with Axis powers • Results • Japan was occupied by US • Stripped of wartime gains • Korea split • Problems with regaining colonial regimes • Boundaries of Soviet Union moved West • Stage set for two great movements • Decolonization & Confrontation between US and Soviet Union

  16. Decolonization • Defeat of EU colonies • Harsh regimes and strong demands of Japanese conquerors => desire for self-rule in SE Asia • “Total war” in EU => less desire for colonies • American and Soviet govt's = anti-colonization • Atlantic Charter of 1941 (US-GB) • Result: peaceful gain of independency of many colonies

  17. Independence in India • Ruled by Britain • 1942: Sir Stafford Cripps fails • Quit India Movement • British respond harshly • Communist party and Muslim League supported GB • Muhammad Ali Jinnah => Pakistan • 1943-4: inflation + famine = social unrest • 1945: Labour party

  18. Independence in SE Asia • 1947: Partition of Indian subcontinent • British give up power an leave • Religious warring still occurs • Burma and Ceylon • Ruled by British • After India, gained independence peacefully

  19. Independence in the Philippines • Ruled by US • Transfer of power to Filipinos before WWII • Loyalty to US during war and resistance to Japanese occupation => easy independence with end of war

  20. Last to Gain Independence in Asia • French unwilling to give up Indochina • Pushed out by communist revolution • Dutch unwilling to give up Indonesia • Tried to break up newly formed nation • 1949: gave up and left

  21. Liberation of Non-Settler Africa • African vets of WWII => new nationalists • Wartime needs => factories => urban workforce • Those unable to find work => disgruntled => become revolutionary • Kwame Nkrumah - British Gold Coast => Ghana • Convention People’s Party (CCP) • 1957: recognized as Prime Minister • Brits Leave

  22. Independence in Settler Colonies • High EU population => don’t want to leave • No peaceful agreements • Violent revolutions (guerrilla warfare) • Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya • National Liberation Front in Algeria

  23. White Supremacy in South Africa • Afrikaners couldn’t go to EU • Afrikaner National Party (30s and 40s) gained total white control • Apartheid - racial segregation system (1948)

  24. Conflicting Nationalisms in Mid-East • Arabs vs. Israelis vs. Palestinians • Holocaust => Israel (Jewish homeland) • Piece of Palestine => Israel • Palestinians not happy • Rise of Israel => <100,000 Arab and Palestinian refugees

  25. Work Cited • "EUROPE AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR: Territorial CHANGE AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT (1919 - 1923 Gg.)." Ukr Map. Ukrainian Map, 2013. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. • "Sykes, Charles Henry (1882-1942)." Political Cartoon - Comic Memorabilia. Political Cartoon Society, 2014. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. • http://www.alternatehistory.com/foralltime/FaTL-postWWII.html • "General Chiang Kai-Shek - Stimulated Boredom." Stimulated Boredom. Stimulated Boredom, n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. • "Britain’s WW2 Cabinet in 1939." WW2 Memories & History. WordPress, 23 July 2011. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. • http://www.pearlharboroahu.com/images/Attack-pearl-harbor.jpg • http://gausschildren.org/genwiki/images/1/1d/WWII_Europe_1941-1942_Map_EN.png • http://www.conjay.com/Japan%20Naval.gif • http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/4/19/1334794231944/Holocaust-survivors-Israe-008.jpg • http://www.jewishomaha.org/jewish-press/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/logo.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Potsdam_conference_1945-8.jpg

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