European Expansion: Industrialization, Imperialism, and Global Order

1. 24 Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the European Global Order

2. Industrialization and Imperialism • The Shift to Land Empires in Asia • Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870–1914 • Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change

3. Industrialization and Imperialism

4. European Colonial Territoriesin 1763

5. European Colonial Territoriesin 1830

6. The Shift to Land Empires in Asia • Prototype: The Dutch Advance on Java • Dutch • Initially pay tribute to ruler of Mataram • Take part in political rivalry • Intervene in succession wars • By 1750, dominate

7. The Stages of Dutch Expansion in Java

8. The Consolidation of British Rule • Mughal decline gives British opportunity • Presidencies • Capitals: Madras, Bombay, Calcutta • Rest of India indirectly ruled

9. The Growth of the British Empire in India, From the 1750s to 1858

10. Early Colonial Society in India and Java • Asian societies left in place • Europeans a dominant class • Males marry indigenous women

11. Social Reform in the Colonies • British forced to take direct control • 1770s, famine in Bengal • British East India Company • Accountable to British government • Indians excluded from administration

12. Social Reform in the Colonies • Evangelical religion • Social reform • End to slave trade • End to sati sought • Watershed • Attempt to reshape colonial society

13. Industrial Rivalries and the Partition of the World, 1870-1914 • Unequal Combat: • Colonial Wars and the Apex of European • Imperialism • Mass-produced weapons • Machine gun • Railroads, steam ships

14. The Partition of Africa between c. 1870 and 1914

15. The Partition of Southeast Asia and the Pacific to 1914

16. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change • "Tropical dependencies" • Africa, Asia, South Pacific • Europeans rule indigenous peoples • Settler colonies • "White Dominions" • e.g. Canada, Australia • Inhabitants mostly Europeans

17. Patterns of Dominance: Continuity and Change • Second type • e.g. Algeria, Kenya, Southern Rhodesia • Large numbers of Europeans • Large indigenous numbers • Increase over time • Increasing conflict

18. Colonial Regimes and Social Hierarchies in the Tropical Dependencies • Cultural influence • English language education • Missionaries run schools

19. Changing Social Relations Between Colonizers and the Colonized • European communities grow • Increasing segregation • Ideas of white supremacy • Shifts in Methods of Economic Extraction • Drive to increase production, lower costs • Many colonies become dependent • Railways, roads built to serve extraction

20. Changing Social Relations Between Colonizers and the Colonized • Settler Colonies in South Africa and the Pacific • Relations varied • Disease decimates in some cases • Some native peoples Westernized • Some more resistant

21. British Investment Abroad on the Eveof World War I (1913)

22. South Africa • Afrikaners • Enslave Khoikhoi • British rule • Attempt to end slavery • Afrikaners resist • Move inland: Great Trek • Conflict with Bantu • British more involved

23. South Africa • Afrikaners form republics • Discovery of diamonds and gold • Boer wars (1899-1902)

24. Pacific Tragedies • New Zealand • 1790s, first Europeans • Alcoholism, prostitution spread • Maoris adopt firearms • 1850s, change • British farmers, herders arrive • Maoris pushed into interior • Adopt European culture

25. Pacific Tragedies • Hawaii • James Cook • Prince Kamehameha • Westernization • 1810, rules Hawaiian kingdom • Disease devastates population

26. Pacific Tragedies • Hawaii • Shift • Asian workers • American settlers • Push for annexation • Weak rulers pushed out • 1893, last ruler deposed • 1898, annexed by United States

27. Global Connections: A European-Dominated Early Phase of Globalization • Industrial Revolution influences globalization • The means and motive for colonization • Shapes empires • Unprecedented flow of goods • Accompanied by feelings of superiority