The Cold War

1. The Cold War Conflicting Ideologies; Conflicting Superpowers

2. Adam Smith • Laissez-faire  The Government should not intervene in the market • Individuals are free to buy and sell as they please in the market • Supply and demand determine price • Entrepreneurs open new businesses in the hopes of gaining profits • Capital is invested in the hopes of gaining profits

3. Karl Marx • Co-authored with Friedrich Engels; The Communist Manifesto • According to Marx, the history of the world is a history of class struggle • The proletariat will unite and overthrow the bourgeoisie • A dictatorship of the proletariat will usher in a new era

4. The Dictatorship of the Proletariat • Abolish Private Property • Abolish Social Classes • Economic Equality

5. And then the dictatorship of the proletariat will wither away… Or will it?

6. Allies During the Second World War • Yes, Stalin and Roosevelt formed an unlikely alliance with Churchill during the Second World War • However, this alliance’s purpose was to confront a greater threat

8. The Cold War • However, with the defeat of the Fascists, conflicting ideologies led to conflict and tension • The Soviet Union embraced Marxism and dictatorship. • The United States embraced capitalism and democracy.

9. Soviet Satellites in the East • Stalin installed communist regimes in Eastern Europe to ensure a buffer zone or protection from a Western invasion • Western democracies referred to these Eastern European nations as satellites

10. An Iron Curtain Had Descended

11. The Alliances: • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - The United States and its Allies • The Warsaw Pact - The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

12. The Alliances: • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - The United States and its Allies • The Warsaw Pact - The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

13. USA Containment Policy: • To Stop the Spread of Communism

14. 1949: • NATO established • Soviets tested an atomic bomb • Communists establish People’s Republic of China

15. 1950-1953: • North Korea invades South Korea • Korean War ensues • The original line of demarcation is maintained

16. Stalin died in 1953: • Nikita Khrushchev (1953-1964) • Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982)

17. 1959: -Fidel Castro’s revolution in Cuba succeeds -A Communist state is established

18. Bay of Pigs (1961) was a failure in foreign policy for U.S.A. • U.S. had aided Cuban exiles in an attempt to invade the island but Castro was aware of the plan and the plan failed • Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) was a success for American foreign policy Soviet missiles on Cuban soil  Kennedy demanded removal and yes, removed

21. And of course, there was the Vietnam War • North Vietnam  Communist under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh • South Vietnam  Non-communist dictatorship; civil war ensues; U.S. troops intervene • 1975  South Vietnam falls to communism • Vietnam  Unified under a communist regime

23. During “Prague Spring” of 1968, Czechoslovakia embarked on a campaign of liberalizing reforms, Brezhnev sent in a Warsaw Pact invasion force • Brezhnev Doctrine USSR had right to intervene in Eastern Europe

24. But from 1969 through 1979, the Cold War entered a more peaceful period known as détente, a diplomatic term referring to the relaxation of tensions

25. But greatest surprise  the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991

26. Cold War Cartoons