Nationalism in the Developing World

1. Nationalism in the Developing World Mr. Ermer World History AP Miami Beach Senior High

2. India • British communication infrastructure connects far-flung Indian population • British create educated class of Indian administrators • Educated in European politics and values • Indian National Congress (INC) & Muslim League • Wilson’s Fourteen Points, Lenin’s proletariat uprising • Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) • Ahisma(tolerance & nonviolence) • Satyagnraha(truth and firmness) • Government of India Act (1937) • Creates institutions of self-governance • Indian princes, Muslims make India Act unsuccessful • Muhammad Ali Jinnah • Proposed a two state solution to Indian independence

4. 1947: Partition of British India

5. China • 1912: Sun Yatsen declares China a republic • Unstable because of warlords, poor economy, treaties • Chinese nationalists encouraged by Wilson’s 14 Points • Instead Treaty of Paris gives Japan more power in China • May Fourth Movement • Anti-imperialist student protests • Chinese Communist Party (CCP) founded by Mao Zedong • Sun Yatsen’s Three Principles • Democratic government, Chinese unity, development • Nationalist People’s Party • CCP members join NPP • Soviet Union lends assistance in organization of party • Civil War • 1925: Sun Yatsen dies, Chiang Kai-shek takes leadership • Northern Expedition targets communists • Establish Nationalist government in Nanjing • Long March: Communist Red Army forced to remote area

8. Japan • After WWI, Japan considered a “Big Five Power” • Supported early efforts at disarmament, peace • Washington Naval Conference, Kellogg-Briand Pact • Japanese economy suffers through 1920s • Calls for expanded freedoms, political participation • Conservatives block most movements • Only expand suffrage to all men • Military takes control of foreign policy • Events in Eurasia, Chinese Civil War begin to undermine Japanese interests in Manchuria • 1931: Japanese forces take control of Manchuria • Mukden Incident • Japanese establish Manchuko in Manchuria • Japan dominates China, League of Nations protests • Japan leaves League of Nations

9. Japanese Expansion

10. Africa • WWI: Africans begin to fight back against Europeans • Transition from self-sufficient economies to trade dependent economies • Europeans invest heavily in infrastructure • Taxes drive Africans into labor market • Europeans control most means of production • Cash crops and mineral wealth • African Nationalism • Educated “New Elite” African class emerges • Jomo Kenyatta • Appropriate European notion of the “Nation” • Some look to precolonial societies for identity • Some look to race for creation of unity • Pan-Africanism

11. Pan-Africanism

12. Latin America • New ideas begin to affect political climate • University protests and Communist parties • Concern for Indians and African-Americans • Latin American economy export based • Dependent on U.S. and European markets • Dollar Diplomacy & the Roosevelt Corollary • U.S. money and military intertwined in Latin America • FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy • U.S. signs “sweetheart treaties” trains local armies • Good Neighbor Policy failures and successes • Nicaraguan Civil War • Lazaro Cardenas and PeMex • Cultural Exchange and the GNP • Carmen Miranda and the United Fruit Company