Understanding Muscle Tissue Organization and Contraction

1. Chapter 7: The Muscular System Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization Muscle Contraction Muscle Fiber Type & Energy Axial Musculature Appendicular Musculature $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

2. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $100 Question • What structure divides the skeletal muscle into compartments and contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerves? • fascicle • endomysium • perimysium • epimysium ANSWER BACK TO GAME

3. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $100 Answer • What structure divides the skeletal muscle into compartments and contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and nerves? • fascicle • endomysium • perimysium • epimysium BACK TO GAME

4. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $200 Question • Structures filled with extracellular fluid, formed by the tunneling of the sarcolemma through the muscle fiber, are called • transverse tubules (T tubules). • sarcomeres. • sarcoplasmic reticulum. • myofibrils. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

5. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $200 Answer • Structures filled with extracellular fluid, formed by the tunneling of the sarcolemma through the muscle fiber, are called • transverse tubules (T tubules). • sarcomeres. • sarcoplasmic reticulum. • myofibrils. BACK TO GAME

6. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $300 Question • Which of the following accurately lists the levels of organization within a muscle from largest to smallest? • muscle fiber, myofilament, myofibril • myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber • muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament • Z line, A band, I band, M line ANSWER BACK TO GAME

7. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $300 Answer • Which of the following accurately lists the levels of organization within a muscle from largest to smallest? • muscle fiber, myofilament, myofibril • myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber • muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament • Z line, A band, I band, M line BACK TO GAME

8. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $400 Question • Which of the following parts of a sarcomere contain the protein actin only? • I band • A band • H band • All of the answers are correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

9. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $400 Answer • Which of the following parts of a sarcomere contain the protein actin only? • I band • A band • H band • All of the answers are correct. BACK TO GAME

10. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $500 Question • Which of the following statements regarding thick and thin filaments is true? • The actin molecules are oriented away from the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward. • The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center ofthe sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward. • The actin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward. • The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

11. Muscle Tissue & Sarcomere Organization: $500 Answer • Which of the following statements regarding thick and thin filaments is true? • The actin molecules are oriented away from the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward. • The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting outward. • The actin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward. • The myosin molecules are oriented toward the center of the sarcomere, with the heads projecting inward. BACK TO GAME

12. Muscle Contraction: $100 Question • Both the synaptic cleft and the motor end plate contain which of the following enzymes? • acetylcholine • acetylcholinesterase • nicotinamide reductase • serotonin decarboxylase ANSWER BACK TO GAME

13. Muscle Contraction: $100 Answer • Both the synaptic cleft and the motor end plate contain which of the following enzymes? • acetylcholine • acetylcholinesterase • nicotinamide reductase • serotonin decarboxylase BACK TO GAME

14. Muscle Contraction: $200 Question • Which of the following statements regarding an action potential at the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is true? • The passage of an action potential along the T tubules triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae. • Calcium spreads over the entire sarcolemma surface to initiate the action potential. • The sudden, massive release of calcium ions triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae. • Sarcolemma depolarization removescalcium ions from the cytoplasm. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

15. Muscle Contraction: $200 Answer • Which of the following statements regarding an action potential at the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is true? • The passage of an action potential along the T tubules triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae. • Calcium spreads over the entire sarcolemma surface to initiate the action potential. • The sudden, massive release of calcium ions triggers a sudden, massive release of calcium ions by the terminal cisternae. • Sarcolemma depolarization removescalcium ions from the cytoplasm. BACK TO GAME

16. Muscle Contraction: $300 Question • What is the biochemical explanation for rigor mortis? • The sarcoplasmic reticulum is unable to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm. • Skeletal muscle fibers have too much ATP stored, resulting in sustained muscle contractions. • Cross-bridges remain detached from the active sites on actin. • None of the answers is correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

17. Muscle Contraction: $300 Answer • What is the biochemical explanation for rigor mortis? • The sarcoplasmic reticulum is unable to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm. • Skeletal muscle fibers have too much ATP stored, resulting in sustained muscle contractions. • Cross-bridges remain detached from the active sites on actin. • None of the answers is correct. BACK TO GAME

18. Muscle Contraction: $400 Question • Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle contraction is false? • Calcium ions bind to troponin, resulting in a conformational change in tropomyosin. • Cross-bridge binding, pivoting, and detachment are powered by the breakdown of ATP. • Acetylcholinesterase released by the synaptic terminal binds to receptors on the sarcolemma. • None of the statements is false. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

19. Muscle Contraction: $400 Answer • Which of the following statements regarding skeletal muscle contraction is false? • Calcium ions bind to troponin, resulting in a conformational change in tropomyosin. • Cross-bridge binding, pivoting, and detachment are powered by the breakdown of ATP. • Acetylcholinesterase released by the synaptic terminal binds to receptors on the sarcolemma. • None of the statements is false. BACK TO GAME

20. Muscle Contraction: $500 Question • Which is the correct sequence of steps during the contraction cycle? • 1. The attached myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere, and ADP and a phosphate group are released. • 2. The active site is exposed following the binding of calcium ions to troponin. • 3. The myosin head is reactivated as it splits the ATP and captures released energy. • 4. The myosin cross-bridge forms and attaches to the exposed active sites on actin filaments. • 5. Cross-bridges detach when the myosin head binds another ATP molecule. • 3-4-2-1-5 • 2-4-1-5-3 • 2-1-4-5-3 • 2-4-1-3-5 ANSWER BACK TO GAME

21. Muscle Contraction: $500 Answer • Which is the correct sequence of steps during the contraction cycle? • 1. The attached myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere, and ADP and a phosphate group are released. • 2. The active site is exposed following the binding of calcium ions to troponin. • 3. The myosin head is reactivated as it splits the ATP and captures released energy. • 4. The myosin cross-bridge forms and attaches to the exposed active sites on actin filaments. • 5. Cross-bridges detach when the myosin head binds another ATP molecule. • 3-4-2-1-5 • 2-4-1-5-3 • 2-1-4-5-3 • 2-4-1-3-5 BACK TO GAME

22. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $100 Question • Which of the following statements regarding fast skeletal muscle fibers is true? • They are small in diameter, have large glycogen reserves, and have relatively few mitochondria. • They are large in diameter, with relatively few mitochondria. • They have a greater oxygen supply than slow fibers. • All of the statements are true. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

23. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $100 Answer • Which of the following statements regarding fast skeletal muscle fibers is true? • They are small in diameter, have large glycogen reserves, and have relatively few mitochondria. • They are large in diameter, with relatively few mitochondria. • They have a greater oxygen supply than slow fibers. • All of the statements are true. BACK TO GAME

24. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $200 Question • Which of the following areas of the human body are dominated by slow fibers? • eye and hand muscles • back and calf muscles • hand and foot muscles • pelvic and leg muscles ANSWER BACK TO GAME

25. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $200 Answer • Which of the following areas of the human body are dominated by slow fibers? • eye and hand muscles • back and calf muscles • hand and foot muscles • pelvic and leg muscles BACK TO GAME

26. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy:$300 Question • Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle tissue is true? • It utilizes pacemaker cells as a control mechanism. • Tetanus cannot occur. • The actin and myosin filaments are scattered throughout the sarcoplasm. • It utilizes pacemaker cells as a control mechanism, and the actin and myosin filaments are scattered throughout the sarcoplasm. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

27. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $300 Answer • Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle tissue is true? • It utilizes pacemaker cells as a control mechanism. • Tetanus cannot occur. • The actin and myosin filaments are scattered throughout the sarcoplasm. • It utilizes pacemaker cells as a control mechanism, and the actin and myosin filaments are scattered throughout the sarcoplasm. BACK TO GAME

28. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $400 Question • Which of the following statements correctly • describes isotonic contraction? • Tension produced never exceeds the resistance. • Tension remains at a constant level until relaxation occurs. • An example is the reflexive contractions that keep the body upright while standing or sitting. • All of the statements are correct. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

29. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $400 Answer • Which of the following statements correctly describes isotonic contraction? • Tension produced never exceeds the resistance. • Tension remains at a constant level until relaxation occurs. • An example is the reflexive contractions that keep the body upright while standing or sitting. • All of the statements are correct. BACK TO GAME

30. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $500 Question • Which of the following statements about how skeletal muscles use and store energy is true? • At rest, muscles use glycogen stores for energy. • During light activity, muscles generate energy throughthe aerobic breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, oramino acids. • At peak levels of activity, muscles generate energy by aerobic breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, or amino acids. • Glycolysis produces ATP more efficiently than aerobic respiration. ANSWER BACK TO GAME

31. Muscle Fiber Type & Energy: $500 Answer • Which of the following statements about how skeletal muscles use and store energy is true? • At rest, muscles use glycogen stores for energy. • During light activity, muscles generate energy through the aerobic breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, or amino acids. • At peak levels of activity, muscles generate energy by aerobic breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, or amino acids. • Glycolysis produces ATP more efficiently than aerobic respiration. BACK TO GAME

32. Axial Musculature: $100 Question • Which muscle inserts on the mandible and the skin of the cheek? • mylohyoid • stylohyoid • sternohyoid • platysma ANSWER BACK TO GAME

33. Axial Musculature: $100 Answer • Which muscle inserts on the mandible and the • skin of the cheek? • mylohyoid • stylohyoid • sternohyoid • platysma BACK TO GAME

34. Axial Musculature: $200 Question • Which muscle has as its origin the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae? • iliocostalis • semispinalis capitis • quadratus lumborum • external intercostals ANSWER BACK TO GAME

35. Axial Musculature: $200 Answer • Which muscle has as its origin the spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae? • iliocostalis • semispinalis capitis • quadratus lumborum • external intercostals BACK TO GAME

36. Axial Musculature: $300 Question • Which muscle functions to stabilize the central tendon of the perineum? • ischiocavernosus • transverse perineus • rectus abdominis • external anal sphincter ANSWER BACK TO GAME

37. Axial Musculature: $300 Answer • Which muscle functions to stabilize the central tendon of the perineum? • ischiocavernosus • transverse perineus • rectus abdominis • external anal sphincter BACK TO GAME

38. Axial Musculature: $400 Question • Which muscle(s) function(s) to elevate, protract, and/or move the mandible to either side? • masseter • temporalis • pterygoids • masseter and temporalis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

39. Axial Musculature: $400 Answer • Which muscle(s) function(s) to elevate, protract, and/or move the mandible to either side? • masseter • temporalis • pterygoids • masseter and temporalis BACK TO GAME

40. Axial Musculature: $500 Question • Which muscle inserts on the last rib and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae? • quadratus lumborum • iliocostalis • spinalis • longissimus ANSWER BACK TO GAME

41. Axial Musculature: $500 Answer • Which muscle inserts on the last rib and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae? • quadratus lumborum • iliocostalis • spinalis • longissimus BACK TO GAME

42. Appendicular Musculature: $100 Question • Which muscle is the major abductor of the arm? • infraspinatus • supraspinatus • deltoid • pectoralis major ANSWER BACK TO GAME

43. Appendicular Musculature: $100 Answer • Which muscle is the major abductor of the arm? • infraspinatus • supraspinatus • deltoid • pectoralis major BACK TO GAME

44. Appendicular Musculature: $200 Question • Which muscle originates on the anterior and superior margins of ribs 1–9? • serratus anterior • subclavius • pectoralis minor • rhomboids ANSWER BACK TO GAME

45. Appendicular Musculature: $200 Answer • Which muscle originates on the anterior and superior margins of ribs 1–9? • serratus anterior • subclavius • pectoralis minor • rhomboids BACK TO GAME

46. Appendicular Musculature: $300 Question • Which muscle does not insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus? • teres minor • subscapularis • pectoralis major • supraspinatus ANSWER BACK TO GAME

47. Appendicular Musculature: $300 Answer • Which muscle does not insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus? • teres minor • subscapularis • pectoralis major • supraspinatus BACK TO GAME

48. Appendicular Musculature: $400 Question • Which muscle inserts on the bases of the second and third metacarpal bones? • flexor carpi ulnaris • palmaris longus • flexor carpi radialis • extensor carpi ulnaris ANSWER BACK TO GAME

49. Appendicular Musculature: $400 Answer • Which muscle inserts on the bases of the second and third metacarpal bones? • flexor carpi ulnaris • palmaris longus • flexor carpi radialis • extensor carpi ulnaris BACK TO GAME

50. Appendicular Musculature: $500 Question • Which muscle acts to flex the knee, as well as perform adduction and medial rotation at the hip? • adductor brevis • pectineus • tensor fasciae latae • gracilis ANSWER BACK TO GAME