180 likes | 405 Views
Chapter 7 Muscular System. HSTE II Applications of Therapeutic Services. The ability to move is an essential activity of the living human body which is made possible by the unique function of contractibility in muscles. Body Weight 50% muscle tissue Human Body 650 different muscles
E N D
Chapter 7 Muscular System HSTE II Applications of Therapeutic Services
The ability to move is an essential activity of the living human body which is made possible by the unique function of contractibility in muscles. • Body Weight • 50% muscle tissue • Human Body • 650 different muscles • 3 Main Responsibilities of the Muscular System • Body Movement • Body Form and shape, to maintain posture • Body heat, to maintain body temperature
4 Types of Muscles • Skeletal – Attach to Bones – Striated – Voluntary • Muscle cell known as: • Muscle Fiber • Smooth ( Visceral) – Spindle-Shaped – Involuntary – Walls of Internal organs • Cardiac – Heart Only – Striated – Involuntary • Sphincter or Dilator – Circular – in openings
4 Characteristics of Muscles • Contractibility: • Muscle shortens or contracts • Reduces distance between the parts of its contents • Excitability (Irritability): • Ability to respond to certain stimuli • Extensibility: • Ability to be stretched • Elasticity: • Ability to return to original length when relaxing
Muscle Attachments & Functions • Muscles attached to bones for • Leverage • Muscles only pull, never push • Muscles attached to bone by • Nonelastic cords called • Tendons • Muscles attached at both ends • Origin – part of skeletal muscle attached to a Fixed Structure • Insertion - part of skeletal muscle attached to a Movable Part • Muscles arranged in pairs • Prime Mover – movement single direction • Antagonist – moves in the opposite direction • Ex. Triceps/Biceps
Sources of Energy & Heat • Muscles move the body and produce heat • Need energy for this • Comes from • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) • Found in muscle cell • Requires O2, Glucose, and other materials • Brought by the circulating blood • When stimulated – ATP released – produces heat for our bodies – and energy needed to contract • During this process – Lactic acid – by product of cell metabolism – builds up – muscle fatigue
Contraction of Skeletal Muscle • 2 Major Events occur in the Movement of Muscle • Myoneural Stimulation • Contraction of Muscle Proteins • Skeletal Muscles: • Must be stimulate by Nerve Impulses to contract
Muscle Fatigue • Cause • Lactic Acid Build-up • Vigorous Exercise • Blood unable to keep O2 demand • Muscles contract anaerobically • If rest, recover by increasing respirations • Otherwise • Muscle Fatigue • Muscles Cramp
Muscle Tone • Muscles are always: • Slightly Contracted • Ready to Pull • Achieved by: • Proper Nutrition • Regular Exercise • Muscle Contractions: • Isotonic – Shorten – Ex. Walk, Talk, etc. • Isometric – Tension/No shortening- Tensing Abd. Muscles • Failure to Exercise Results in: • Weak/Flaccid Muscles • Atrophy of Muscles – Shrinkage • Hypertrophy: • Over exercise • Muscles Enlarged
Hypertrophy • http://sites.google.com/site/musclemenbodybuilders/
Principle Skeletal Muscles & How They Are Named • Pgs 128 – 135 • Most Named for: • Location • Ex. Frontalis - forehead • Size • Ex. Gluteous Maximus • Location of Origin, Insertion • Sternocleidomastoid – Origin Sternum • Action • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
How Exercise & Training Change Muscles • Alters • Size • Structure • Strength • Injured Muscles • Only regenerate to a certain degree • If extensive damage – muscle replaced by • Connective Scar Tissue
Massage Muscles • Physiotherapy • HC Professionals should know proper massage techniques • Must know location of muscles • Massage is healing and relaxing • May help a pt with compliance to painful or difficult tx
Electrical Stimulation • Chiropractors • PT • TEN’s Machines – Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation • ROM Exercises • Wikipedia image
Intramuscular Injections • Common Sites: • Deltoid – Upper Arm • Vastus Lateralis – Anterior of Thigh • Dorsal or Ventral Gluteal Area of Buttocks
Musculoskeletal Disorders • Muscle Atrophy • Strain • Muscle Spasm (Cramp) • Myalgia/Fibromyalgia • Hernia
Musculoskeletal Disorders Continued • Flatfeet (Talipes) • Tetanus • Torticollis (Wry Neck) • Muscular Dystrophy • Myasthenia Gravis (Grave muscle weakness)
Injuries to Muscles • Tennis Elbow • Shin Splints • Rotator Cuff Disease