Tiffany C. Vance (AFSC) and Christopher Moore (PMEL) Nazila Merati PMEL Jason Fabritz OMAO

1. GIS-based visualization and map server efforts in support of marine fisheries and ecosystem management Tiffany C. Vance (AFSC) and Christopher Moore (PMEL) Nazila Merati PMEL Jason Fabritz OMAO Hal Mofjeld PMEL

2. VRML based visualizations for the Cordell Bank NMS • Using ArcIMS map servers for intra-layer calculations • Java/Java3D and ArcGIS Engine as a framework for a “scientific GIS”

3. Introduction • Visualizations of spatially complicated datasets are used to enable scientists to understand complex physical and biological processes. • These geo-visualizations are also becoming a way to disseminate the data as a coherent package. • Rather than distributing discrete datasets, • a project can disseminate a view of the data • the recipient has the ability to move through the data • can add and remove layers • can query to datasets at specific three-dimensional locations.

4. VRML based visualizations for the Cordell Bank NMS • Using ArcIMS map servers for intra-layer calculations • Java/Java3D and ArcGIS Engine as a framework for a “scientific GIS”

5. Project goals • To create interactive visualizations of GIS data for the Sanctuary • To enable viewers to see the Sanctuary as a volume, not a flat map • To test distribution of the visualizations • To test integration of GIS displays and true 3D visualizations

6. Cordell Bank Cordell Bank Marine Sanctuary is a 526-square mile sanctuary located 50 miles northwest of San Francisco. The Sanctuary encompasses Cordell Bank - a pinnacle rising from the seafloor to within 120 feet of the sea surface - and the surrounding waters.

7. Datasets for the Sanctuary Bathymetry Physical characteristics- CTD Hydroacoustic survery Bottom type data SST images Coastlines and boundaries

8. Visualization of the Sanctuary

9. Viewing a visualization Standard tools and plug-ins within browsers (VRML players, animation players such as RealPlayer, javascript tools) to enable users to manipulate the visualizations.

10. VRML generation - fencelines Isosurfaces, plumes and vertical fenceline plots created using EVS-Pro. EVS-Pro allows for 3-D kriging and fenceline plots Fenceline of towed instrument data

11. VRML generation - isosurfaces 3D temperature plumes and isosurfaces created in EVS-Pro are exported and combined with the VRML 2.0 output from ArcScene (8 degree temperature isosurface and CTD cast positions)

12. Viewing visualizations • User loads the visualization into a VRML-aware web browser • Coastline, bathymetry and topography data in the VRML window. • 3-D navigation control in the VRML window • Can load, view and animate data as the scene is rotated and scaled. • Radio-button choices are given for dataset choices • Animation controls appear as time dependent data are loaded.

13. VRML based visualizations for the Cordell Bank NMS • Using ArcIMS map servers for intra-layer calculations • Java/Java3D and ArcGIS Engine as a framework for a “scientific GIS”

14. Project goals • To create a series of tools to allow user defined intra and inter-layer calculations and comparisons within the framework of ArcIMS • To allow PMEL to be able to calculate the population at risk from tsunamis • To allow NMML and AFSC to calculate biophysical measures

15. Background • Internet map servers (IMS) are used to • disseminate information • allow users to perform queries • to extract information • to serve data • All line offices in NOAA are using IMS applications to serve data • A drawback of off-the-shelf map servers is that one cannot do on-the-fly calculations on layers, or between layers

16. WebMapCalculator architecture Server Side calculator Website Calculated Results HTTP Post ArcIMS/ JSP Application Java Servlet Application File Access ShapeFiles Path to Files Include Shapefiles in ArcIMS Map Workspace Using ArcIMS 4.0.1 on Solaris with JAVA JDK 1.4, Running Image Server, Feature Server and Extract Server

17. Demonstration project - tsunami modeling in Puget Sound • PMEL’s Tsunami Inundation Mapping Effort (TIME) • Products for use by emergency managers • Involves ingesting data from • municipalities • NOAA • model output • observational data • Data products are • maps - static and live • data reports produced using GIS analysis

18. TIME data • Data are disseminated as ArcView projects. Layers include • inundation fields • census products • run up model results • animations. • Distributed to emergency managers via CD

19. WebMapCalculator for TIME Input: • Gridded wave height data from a tsunami model • Population of Seattle area by day and night • Elevation data Output: • A polygon that shows resulting at-risk population

20. Output from the IMS • Inundation IMS shows users • inundation results from model • maximum velocities • day/night populations • natural hazards • shoreline data • Data sources have metadata associated with the layers

21. Toolkits to be added • RACEBASE dataset of trawl survey data - intra-layer calculations between fisheries datasets and physical oceanography datasets such as water temperature or salinity • NMML - ability to query tracked mammal results to determine swimming speeds, distanced traveled

22. VRML based visualizations for the Cordell Bank NMS • Using ArcIMS map servers for intra-layer calculations • Java/Java3D and ArcGIS Engine as a framework for a “scientific GIS”

23. Project Goals • To extend the capabilities of ArcGIS to form the foundation of a “scientific GIS” for fisheries oceanography • To integrate existing oceanographic analytical tools with ArcGIS • To take advantage of visualization tools such as VRML and Java3D to provide truly three-dimensional visualizations

25. Programming options • ArcObjects/VB - limited to single platform, limitations of VB • ArcGIS Engine - platform independent, cost? • Open source GIS tools such as GRASS, MapServer, PostGIS, GeoTools and VisAD - documentation/support

26. System Diagram

27. Algorithms • UNESCO routines for water properties • Oceanographic Analyst (ArcView 3.2) http://www.absc.usgs.gov/glba/gistools/ • Matlab tools - SEA-MAT package http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/sea-mat/ • USGS sedx package http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/staffpages/csherwood/sedx_equations/sedxinfo.html • VTK toolkit - for volume analysis http://public.kitware.com/VTK/

28. Test Case - Mixed layer depth The depth to which water is well mixed. This has ramifications for fish and planktonic organisms, also for nutrients. Surface layer sits above the thermocline. Defined as the layer where the temperature is within 0.5° of the average surface temperature or where the potential density is within 0.125 of the surface average www.fd.ntou.edu.tw/5CTemperature201025.doc

29. Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) data

30. Java test case • MLD algorithm from VB to Java • GeoTools toolkit shapefile reader (Java) used to read shapefile • Created a new application in Java to calculate the MLD and output a VTK OpenGL window • VTK wrapped in Java • Can also display MLD shapefile created in ArcGIS version

35. Why 3-D? 3-D Visualization at PMEL 1. Perspective: 2. Relative Motion: 3. Stereo:

36. 1. Perspective Bathymetry in Astoria Canyon offshore from the Columbia River outflow in Washington State, in 2D and 3D. High frequency spikes in the bathymetry data are obvious in the 3D plot (right) and are obscured in the 2D plot above. Calculations of bathymetry gradients to identify regions of internal tide generation would be impacted by these spikes in the bathymetry data.

37. 2. Relative Motion (Interaction) • The ability to judge an object’s distance through the use of relative motion

38. 3. Stereographic Virtual Reality Mono Stereo Mono Stereo Ocean currents Fish larvae in a canyon Stereo gives the scientist true depth perception

39. A Next Generation Internet (NGI) Testbed The ImmersaDesk: • 4’ x 5’ rear projecting screen • near immersive • 1024 x 768 x 96 Hz • driven by SGI Onyx2 • Two R12000 Processors • 250 MHz • Infinite Reality Graphics ImmersaDesk 21

40. GeoWall PC-driven projection system Stereo Commodity graphics cards Inexpensive NOAA-Tech

41. Projector (L frame) polarizing filter Host computer Projector (R frame) polarizing filter Polarization-preserving screen The GeoWall Approach Supports *any* stereo-equipped software: vis5d, visAD, stereo VRML viewers, etc.

42. Problem: We’re pushing the computational limits with our models. Even high-end graphics cards aren’t up to the challenge Let’s look at a real-world example…

43. Uses NCSA supercomputer cluster to model Large domain (540 x 320 x 32) = 5.5 million points Generating files on the order of a terabyte (1000 gigs) PMEL scientist models Gulf of Alaska Our models aren’t just run on a linux cluster, they are run on several clusters, connected using Grid technology:

44. Caltech Argonne Datawulf IA-32 1.5 TF Itanium2/Madison 20 TB 0.5 TF Itanium2 90 TB Chicago & LA DTF Core Switch/Routers PSC NCSA SDSC 2 TF Itanium2 9.2 TF Madison 6TF Alpha EV68 1.1 TF Alpha EV7 7.8 TF Power4 1 TF Itanium2 Myrinet Myrinet Federation Quadrics 300 TB 300 TB 160 TB Fibre Channel Fibre Channel TeraGrid - connecting heterogeneous clusters Sun Server

45. VisAD uses Java3D to render 3-D scenes Java provides a Remote Method Invocation (RMI) that allows data to be rendered at each “node” of a cluster, and then stitched together at the client. internet Cluster nodes host (also a node) client (PC) RMI *VisAD and RMI framework for parallel rendering by Bill Hibbard: http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/~billh/visad.html VisAD – Java-based Graphics Tool

46. VisAD test program

47. Viz Clusters: Distributed Rendering with the GeoWall2 • Developed at EVL & SDSC, SCRIPPS • 15 LCD screens in 3x5 array driven • by small Linux cluster • Total resolution: 8000x3600 • Video compositing allows each node to render from distributed file - up to 38 Terabytes of data on the screen! • Software: JuxtaView, ParaView • Scalable: Personal GW is 2x2

48. Future activities • Framework for 3D modeling of environmental factors • Use of Java to handle temporal analyses • Other graphics outputs • Integration with ArcIMS site

49. This work was funded by NOAA’s HPCC program (http://www.cio.noaa.gov/hpcc/) and the Sanctuaries Program (www.sanctuaries.nos.noaa.gov). For more information about the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory's visualization efforts, please visit the PMEL visualization page at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vrml/3DViz.html and http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/visualization/.

50. Questions?