Data Communications and Network Management Overview

1. Data CommunicationsandNetwork Management Overview CS 695 Network Management Techniques

2. Outline • Analogy of telephone network • Data and telecommunication network • Distributed computing environment • Internet • Protocols and standards • IT management • Network and system management • Current status and future of network management CS 695 Network Management Techniques

3. Telephone Network • Characteristics: • Reliable - does what is expected of it • Dependable - always there when you need it (remember 911?) • Good quality (connection) - hearing each other well • Reasons: • Good planning, design, and implementation • Good operation and management of network CS 695 Network Management Techniques

4. Telephone Network Model CS 695 Network Management Techniques

5. Operations Systems / NOC • Monitor telephone network parameters • S/N ratio, transmission loss, call blockage, etc. • Real-time management of network • Trunk (logical entity between switches) maintenance system measures loss and S/N. Trunks not meeting QoS are removed before customer notices poor quality • Traffic measurement systems measure call blockage. Additional switch planned to keep the call blockage below acceptable level • Operations systems are distributed at central offices • Network management done centrally from Network Operations Center (NOC) CS 695 Network Management Techniques

6. Data and Telecommunication Network CS 695 Network Management Techniques

7. IBM SNA Architecture CS 695 Network Management Techniques

8. DCE with LANDCE.. Distributed Computing Environment CS 695 Network Management Techniques

9. LAN-WAN Network CS 695 Network Management Techniques

10. Client/Server Model Request Response CS 695 Network Management Techniques

11. Client/Server Examples CS 695 Network Management Techniques

12. InternetworkingConfiguration

13. Architecture, Protocols and Standards • Communication architecture • Modeling of communication systems, comprising • functional components and • operations interfaces between them • Communication protocols • Operational procedures • intra- and inter-modules • Communication standards • Agreement between manufacturers on protocols of communication equipment on • physical characteristics and • operational procedures CS 695 Network Management Techniques

14. Communication Architecture CS 695 Network Management Techniques

15. OSI Reference Model CS 695 Network Management Techniques

16. OSI Layers and Services

17. PDU Communication Model PDU: Protocol Data Unit PCI: Protocol Control Information UD: User Data PDU = PCI + UD UDn = PDUn+1 CS 695 Network Management Techniques

18. TCP/IP Based Networks • TCP/IP is a suite of protocols • Internet is based on TCP/IP • IP is Internet protocol at the network layer level • TCP is connection-oriented transport protocol and ensures end-to-end connection • UDP is connectionless transport protocol and provides datagram service • Internet e-mail and much of the network mgmt. messages are based on UDP/IP • ICMP part of TCP/IP suite CS 695 Network Management Techniques

19. Basic Networking Concept –OSI-TCP/IP Comparison CS 695 Network Management Techniques

20. TCP vs UDP CS 695 Network Management Techniques

21. Gateway DTE : Data Terminating Equipment T N D P

22. SNA, OSI, and Internet CS 695 Network Management Techniques

23. Application Protocols CS 695 Network Management Techniques

24. NM Case Histories

25. Common Network Problems • Loss of connectivity (Link, Node, Interface) • Duplicate IP address (Procedural) • Intermittent problems • Network configuration issues • Non-problems • Performance problems CS 695 Network Management Techniques

26. Challenges of IT Managers • Reliability • Non-real time problems • Rapid technological advance • Managing client/server environment • Scalability • Troubleshooting tools and systems • Trouble prediction • Standardization of operations - NMS helps • Centralized management vs “sneaker-net” CS 695 Network Management Techniques

27. Network Management (NM) • Definition • OAM&P of Network and Services • OAM&P: Operations, Administration, maintenance, and Provisioning) • Goal • To ensure that the users of a network receive the IT services with the quality of service (QoS) that they expect. CS 695 Network Management Techniques

28. Top-down View of NM functions

29. TT Trouble Ticket NM Functional Flow Chart NOC: Network Operation Center I&M: Installation & Maintenance CS 695 Network Management Techniques

30. Management Functional Areas, MFAs Management Functional Areas, MFAs) • Fault Management • Configuration Management • Accounting Management • Performance Management • Security Management ITU-T X.700 CS 695 Network Management Techniques

31. FCAPS: The Industry Standard Definition for NM • Level F - Fault detection and correction • Level C - Configuration and operation • Level A - Accounting and billing • Level P - Performance assessment and optimization • Level S – Security assurance and protection ITU-M.3400 CS 695 Network Management Techniques

32. (1) Fault Management • Fault Management (FM) • Detection of a problem, fault isolation and correction to normal operation. • FM involves the following steps: • Discover the problem. • Isolate the problem • Fix the problem (if possible) • Use of Trouble-Ticket Systems CS 695 Network Management Techniques

33. Fault Management Functions • Maintain and examine error logs • Accept and act upon error detection notifications • Trace and identify faults • Carry out sequences of diagnostic tests • Correct faults CS 695 Network Management Techniques

34. FDDI .... .... .... PC PC PC UNIX UNIX UNIX Fault Management User DNS ... RMON Device Firewall / Router ... Internet WWW Server Mail Server CS 695 Network Management Techniques

35. (2) Configuration Management • Configuration Management • The process of finding and setting up (configuring) network devices. • CM identifies, exercises control over, collects data from, and provides data to networked systems. CS 695 Network Management Techniques

36. Configuration Management Functions • Set the parameters that control the routine operation of the networked system. • Associate names with managed objects and sets of managed objects. • Initialize and close down managed objects. • Collect information on demand about the current condition of the networked system. • Obtain announcements of significant changes in the condition of the networked system. • Change the configuration of the networked system. CS 695 Network Management Techniques

37. Configuration Management : Auto Discovery CS 695 Network Management Techniques

38. (3) Accounting Management • Accounting Management (AM) • Tracking each individual and group user's utilization of network resources to better ensure that users have sufficient resources. • AM enables charges to be established for the use of network resources, and the costs to be identified for the use of those network resources. CS 695 Network Management Techniques

39. Accounting Management Functions • Inform users of costs incurred or resources consumed. • Enable accounting limits to be set and tariff schedules to be associated with the use of resources. • Enable costs to be combined where multiple resources are invoked to achieve a given communication objective. CS 695 Network Management Techniques

40. (4) Performance Management • Performance Management (PM) • Measuring the performance of network hardware, software, and media. • Examples： • Overall throughput • Percentage utilization • Error rate • Response time CS 695 Network Management Techniques

41. Performance Management Functions • Gather statistical information. • Maintain and examine logs of system state histories. • Determine system performance under natural and artificial conditions. • Alter system modes of operation for the purpose of conducting PM activities. CS 695 Network Management Techniques

42. (5) Security Management • Security Management (SM) • The process of controlling access to information on the networked system. • Security Management Functions • The creation, deletion, and control of security services and mechanisms. • The distribution of security-relevant information. • The reporting of security-relevant events. CS 695 Network Management Techniques

43. Network Management Components CS 695 Network Management Techniques

44. Interoperability CS 695 Network Management Techniques

45. Interoperability (cont.) Services & Protocols CS 695 Network Management Techniques

46. Network Management Model Management Station Network Element Management Operation R MA MO Response Event Manager Agent Communication Protocols Communication Protocols Network Legend： MA: Manager Applications MO: Managed Objects R: Real Resource CS 695 Network Management Techniques

47. Components of Network Management • Manager • Agent • Network Management Protocol • Network Management Information CS 695 Network Management Techniques

48. Status and Future Trends • Status: • SNMP management • Limited CMIP management • Operations systems • Polled systems • Future trends: • Object-oriented approach • Service and policy management • Business management • Web-based management CS 695 Network Management Techniques

49. Management Pyramid Business Management Customer Management Service Management Distributed System Management Network Management Element Management CS 695 Network Management Techniques

50. Fault Configuration IN VPN Accounting Corporate Network Change Performance WAN Operation MAN Security LAN Installation Planning Network Management Data System Management Voice Applications Management Video Service Management Multimedia Eneterprise Management Functional Areas Network Types Stages Management Scope ? Disciplines Information Types