Beginning Greek for Bible Study

1. Evgw, eivmi to; A[lfa Beginning Greek for Bible Study Class #8 Using the Tools kai; to; w=

2. Paper Tools • Concordance – a book that lists every occurrence of a particular word in the Bible • Bible Dictionary – a book that gives the meaning and usually additional information about particular topics in the Bible • Commentary – a book that explains the meaning of a particular book in the Bible • Lexicon – a dictionary for either Greek or Hebrew words

3. Electronic Tools • Bible Software – these are programs which contain a variety of Bible versions, dictionaries, commentaries, concordances, and sometimes parsing information • Online Tools – these are websites which contain many of the above tools, but are accessed on the Internet rather than through a software program running on your computer

4. Tonight • Focus on electronic tools, both software and online • Focus on using concordances and Bible dictionaries • Then… • August 8th – focus on doing word studies • August 22nd – focus on using commentaries

5. Concordance • A book that lists every occurrence of a particular word in the Bible • It is helpful for doing topical studies, looking for cross-references, and finding particular verses • Limitations: • You must use a concordance for the particular version of the Bible you are using • Topical study – just looking up a particular word or words may leave out key texts • Context – a concordance limits the context

6. Paper Concordances • NASB – The Strongest NASB Exhaustive Concordance (Zondervan) - $25 ($40) • ESV – The Crossway Comprehensive Concordance of the Holy Bible, English Standard Version (Crossway) - $30 ($40) • NIV – The Strongest NIV Exhaustive Concordance (Zondervan) - $25 ($40) • KJV – The Strongest Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (Zondervan) - $18 ($35)

7. How to Use a Concordance

8. How to Use an Online Concordance • www.blueletterbible.org • www.searchgodsword.org

9. Paper Bible Dictionaries • Nave’s Topical Bible • Treasury of Scripture Knowledge • Nelson’s Bible Dictionary • Unger’s Bible Dictionary • International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

10. Online Dictionaries • www.searchgodsword.org

11. Software • Most Bible software packages have an “entry level” product that is usually not much use • Hint: most of the good resources you will pay for. The mediocre resources are often “public domain” • Many of the programs have a free demo that you can download and try before you buy it

12. Software • Look for: • The Bible versions you want and will use • The dictionaries & commentaries that you want and will use • An interlinear Bible • An interface that is comfortable to you • If you want to dig deeper into the original languages, look for Greek/Hebrew resources

13. Software • Mac • Accordance ($179-500) • Logos (in process, coming soon) • Others • PC • PC Study Bible ($200-450) • Logos ($230-475) • Bibleworks ($350) • Quickverse ($100-600) • E-sword (free*) • Others

14. If you’re still confused… • Ask the teacher before you buy something!

15. Homework • Practice doing some concordance searches • Use the online resources • If you’re interested, investigate Bible software and print versions of the resources mentioned

16. Advanced Class Class #8 Verbs, Verbs, & More Verbs!

17. The Greek verb • Tense (Present, Imperfect, Future, Aorist, Perfect) • Tense signifies verbal aspect • Tense sometimes can signify verbal time • Voice (Active, Middle, Passive) • Mood (Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive, Infinitive, Participle) • Person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) • Number (Singular, Plural)

18. How to Build a Verb • Stem • Connecting vowel • Personal endings lu + o + men

19. Present Active Indicative

20. Present Passive Indicative

21. Future Active Indicative

22. Future Middle Indicative

23. Master Verb Chart

24. Contract Verbs • A contract verb is a verb that ends in alpha, epsilon, or omicron • When the ending vowel of a contract verb meets the connecting vowel, the vowels contract • poie + ete = poieite

25. Contract Verbs – 8 Rules • ou is formed from eo, oe, and oo • ei is formed from ee • w is formed from almost any combination of o / w with any other vowel (except Rule #1) • a is formed from ae

26. Contract Verbs – 8 Rules • h is formed from ea • oei becomes oi • Dipthongs • If the contract vowel and the first vowel are the same, they simplify (eei = ei) • If the contract vowel and the first vowel are different, they contract (eou = ou) – if the last vowel is i, it subscripts – if the last vowel is u, it drops off • The true personal endings mostly look like the endings visible in the present active indicative

27. Root versus Stem

28. The Imperfect Tense • The imperfect is one of two types of verbs that normally take place in the past • The aspect of the imperfect is continuous action • These two past tense verbs (the other is the aorist) are identified by an augment • Formation: • Augment + present tense stem + connecting vowel + secondary active personal endings • e + lu + o +n

29. The Imperfect Active

30. The Imperfect Middle/Passive • Formation: • Augment + present tense stem + connecting vowel + secondary passive personal endings • e + lu + o + mhn

31. The Imperfect Middle/Passive

32. Augment • If the word begins with a consonant, the augment is epsilon with a smooth breathing mark • If the word begins with a vowel, the augment is formed by lengthening the vowel • If the word begins with a dipthong, the first letter lengthens or the dipthong does not change

33. Master Verb Chart

34. Homework • Read chapters 22-23 in Basics of Biblical Greek (blue book) • Do the workbook exercises for chapters 17 & 21 • Memorize your charts! • Catch up on vocabulary!