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2009 Bulgaria Nuclear Energy Conference - BULATOM 27-29 May 200 9

“The IAEA International Seismic Safety Centre and IAEA Safety Standards for Site Evaluation and Design of NPPs”. 2009 Bulgaria Nuclear Energy Conference - BULATOM 27-29 May 200 9 Antonio Godoy and Pierre Sollogoub, IAEA. IAEA – SEISMIC SAFETY. THE INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE (ISSC)

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2009 Bulgaria Nuclear Energy Conference - BULATOM 27-29 May 200 9

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  1. “The IAEA International Seismic Safety Centre and IAEA Safety Standards for Site Evaluation and Design of NPPs” 2009 Bulgaria Nuclear Energy Conference - BULATOM 27-29 May 2009 Antonio Godoy and Pierre Sollogoub, IAEA

  2. IAEA – SEISMIC SAFETY THE INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE (ISSC) Enhancing the Seismic Safety of Nuclear Installations The ISSC has been established within the IAEA Department of Nuclear Safety and Security as a global focal point on seismic safety for nuclear installations worldwide September 2008

  3. LAUNCHING THE ISSC – 52 GC • IAEA 52nd Regular Session of the General Conference 2008 -Director General, M. ElBaradei, Statement – “IAEA AT A CROSSROADS”: “ . . . The Agency is proud to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the IAEA Safety Standards programme. We continue to upgrade our safety standards, including addressing threats to nuclear installations from extreme natural hazards such as volcanoes and tsunamis. In response to increasing Member States’ concerns, we established an International Seismic Safety Centre, which will pool expert knowledge and assist nuclear operators and regulators in the aftermath of major seismic events. . .” (Nuclear Safety and Security Section).

  4. The 52nd IAEA GENERAL CONFERENCE “we established an International Seismic Safety Centre” Press conference with Prof. Shibata and Japanese regulatory authority Presentation booth on natural hazards

  5. ISSC – BACKGROUND • Seismic safety of nuclear installations is a subject that has received substantial attention at the IAEA within the frame of its statutory functions, and of the corresponding programmatic projects, for establishing safety standards and assisting member states for its application.

  6. ISSC – BACKGROUND • From the inception of the nuclear safety standards in the 1970s, both areas i.e. • (a) the seismic hazardevaluation at a site and • (b) the seismic design, seismic qualification and seismic re-evaluation and upgrading of structures, systems and components of nuclear power plants have been treated in a scientific and detailed manner based on the experience of and the consensus between MSs in its treatment.

  7. ISSC – BACKGROUND • The IAEA safety guides have been revised three times during last 35 years and a new revision process started recently. A new safety guide on the seismic safety evaluation of existing nuclear installations is in the publication stage (DS383) and the current safety guide on seismic hazard assessment (NS-G-3.3) is presently under revision process (as DS422).

  8. ISSC – BACKGROUND • These IAEA safety standards have matured with time and with invaluable feedback from a very large number of advisory and review services .Now they are documents that are referred to by a majority of our MSs. • These seismic safety review services started in the beginning of the 1980s and more than 100 were implemented to date for new nuclear installations and for safety upgrading of existing ones. • At the site selection phase (siting), • At the site evaluation phase • During operation.

  9. ISSC – BACKGROUND • Recently seismic matters are paid more attention owing to the occurrence of strong earthquakes that have affected nuclear power plants beyond their original design levels, impacting on the operation, economics and public credibility of these installations.

  10. Earthquake Effects at the Plant: Fire at in-house (non-safety) electrical transformer The fire was extinguished after 2 hours. Root cause: soil subsidence of the base of the secondary connection bus bar with respect to the transformer foundation.

  11. R/B RPV Annex Ground Level Cavity Water flow Duct BF1 BF2 BF3 BF4 BF5 S/P Sump Earthquake Effects at the Plant:Rupture of Fire Protection Water Pipe Ruptured FP water pipe. Root cause: soil failure The flooding affected radioactive waste processing equipment on BF5 of the Annex. Amount of leaked water： approx. 2000m3

  12. Service Roads Ground Subsidence Near Switch Yard Light Oil Tank Yard Near Unit 5 Earthquake Effects at the Plant:Non-safety related Class B & C and Other SSCs

  13. What we’ve learned from recent strong earthquakes? • Consequences: • Impacts on safety and non-safety related systems • Damages to structures, equipment and infrastructure (roads, fire fighting system) • Seismically induced internal fire and flood • Public concern – Response to the emergency • Vibratory ground motions beyond the original design levels: >>SL-2 earthquake level. • Realistic assessment of seismic margins. Earthquake experience data. • Increased attention on findings and lessons, particularly, for new NPP projects and for “newcomers”.

  14. OTHER EXTERNAL EVENTS AIRCRAFT CRASH – 9/11 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI – December 2004 HURRICANES TORNADOES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS 14

  15. ISSC – BACKGROUND • Owing to the complexity of these multidisciplinary problems they should be resolved using the experience and contribution of the whole related international scientific community as well as sharing the lessons learned in order to avoid or mitigate the consequences of such extreme natural events.

  16. ISSC – OBJECTIVES The objectives of the ISSC are: • Enhance seismic safety of nuclear installations –new and existing- in Member States; • Help in the development, revision and improvement of related safety standards; • Pool expert knowledge and assist nuclear operators and regulators in the aftermath of major seismic events; • Promote knowledge sharing among the international nuclear community.

  17. ISSC – AREAS OF ACTIVITIES The main areas of the ISSC follow the functions established in the IAEA Statute: • Development of safety standards,as part of the statutory functions and regular budget activities; • Assistance to MSs on the application of the safety standards throughsafety review services; • Development ofspecific technical activitiesthrough dedicated topical R&D projects; • Education, Training, Knowledge Sharing.

  18. IAEA NS - NSNI – ESS/ISSC Department of Technical Cooperation Department of Nuclear Energy Department of Nuclear Safety and Security (NS) Department of Management Department of Nuclear Science and Applications Department of Safeguards NSNI/ISSC

  19. NS – Nuclear Safety Installation Division Near future - Current proposal – 2ndH 2009: INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE (ISSC): • Site Selection and Site Evaluation • Seismic safety • Other External/Internal Hazards • Human Induced Events including malevolent origin • Environmental Impact Assessment • Chapters 2 and 3 of SAR Division of Nuclear Installation Safety (NSNI) RAS-Regulatory ISSC SAS-Safety Assessment OSS-Operational Safety RRSS-Research Reactors 19

  20. Seismic hazard assessment International benchmarks Post-earthquake actions Earthquake and Plant Database – Knowledge Sharing Experience feedback Tsunami and Flood Hazards Volcanic Hazards STRUCTURE OF ISSC INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE(ISSC) IAEA MEMBER STATES (MSs) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE (ScC) Supports Advice IAEA Safety Standards Programme TOPICAL TECHNICAL PROJECTS Development of Safety Standards Application of Safety Standards Technical Meetings, Experts Meetings, Consultants. Site and Seismic Safety Review Services Workshops Education & Training Services to Member States 20

  21. STRUCTURE OF ISSC The ISSC is part as a Section of the organizational structure of the Nuclear Safety Installation Division, and is constituted by: • IAEA Staff Members • An extendedroster of international specialistsin all disciplines of seismic safety and earthquake engineering • The Scientific Committeeby highly recognized international scientists in all related fields. • Included in the Budget and Programme Planning for 2010-2011.

  22. ISSC – SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE (ScC) • The ScC is constituted within the framework of the ISSC. • The main function of the ScC is to provide scientific guidance relative to: • (a) state-of-the-art developments in the required fields of knowledge and expertise, and • (b) the activities, work plan, results and documents prepared within ISSC scope. • The ScC will be constituted by worldwide recognized scientists and experts, mainly from the academic and engineering fields, representing all related knowledge areas of the ISSC scope and with consideration to the experience from different geographic regions. • The membership of the ScC may be changed considering the need to adapt it to the work plan activities.

  23. ISSC - SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Regions Technical areas TSUNAMI HAZARD VOLCANIC HAZARD 23

  24. ISSC – AREAS OF ACTIVITIES International Seismic Safety Centre conducts projects with four main ‘vertical’ pillars and maintains one knowledge sharing database as an ‘horizontal’ cross- cutting activity.

  25. MAIN AREAS OF ACTIVITIES • Activity I : Development of Safety Standards • Activity II : Implementation of safety review services, to assist MSs on the application of the safety standards (Engineering Review Services) • Activity III : Development of specific methodologies and guidelines through dedicated topical projects and R&D • Activity IV : Education and Training • Activity V : Knowledge management and database

  26. IAEA Safety Standards on Site Evaluation SITE EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS SAFETY GUIDES GUIDES 26

  27. Actions SITE EVALUATION OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS: NS-R-3 Requirements for Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations 3.1 Safety Guide: EXTERNAL HUMAN INDUCED EVENTS in Site Evaluation for NPPs Published in 2002. To be revised after 2010 (if needed). 3.2 Safety Guide: DISPERSION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN AIR AND WATER and Consideration of Population Distribution in Site Evaluation for NPPs Merged with Radiation Assessment for Environmental Inspect. DPP to be prepared. DPP422 approved by CSS. Revision of current version. For nuclear installations. 3.3 Safety Guide: Evaluation of SEISMIC HAZARDS for Nuclear Installations 3.4 Safety Guide: METEOROLOGICAL EVENTS in Site Evaluation for NPPs New. DPP417 approved by CSS. Merged of current 3.4 and 3.5. For nuclear installations. 3.5 Safety Guide: FLOOD HAZARDS for NPPs on Coastal and River Site 3.6 Safety Guide: GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS of Site Evaluation and Foundation for NPPs Published in 2004. To be revised after 2011 (if needed). New. Draft prepared. DPP to be prepared to formalize NUSSC approval. XX-DS405-VOLCANIC HAZARDS in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations 27 Note: current structure future structure

  28. ACTIVITY I: SAFETY STANDARDS • DS 422 Safety Guide – Evaluation of Seismic Hazards of Nuclear Installations • Comments from MSs, 20 March 2009 • Consultants Meeting, April 2009 • NUSSC meeting, June 2009 • CSS meeting, Nov. 2009 • Publication, Feb. 2010 • DS 417 – Meteorological and Hydrological Hazards in Site Evaluation of Nuclear Installations(To combine and supersede NS-G-3.4 and -3.5) • 5th CS March/April 2009, Vienna • 6th CS Tsunami - May 2009, Japan • 7th CS Final draft - July 2009, Vienna • Approval by NUSSC for submission to MSs: October 2009 • CSS meeting: Sept 2010 • Target publication date: Feb 2011

  29. ACTIVITY I: SAFETY STANDARDS (Continuation from the previous page) • DS 383 Safety Guide – Seismic Evaluation of Existing Nuclear Installations Published as NS-G-2.13 • Final editing and publication process is currently underway. • DS405 Evaluation of Volcanic Hazards for Nuclear Installations • Draft to NUSSC in June 2009. • Revision of NS-G-1.6 – Seismic Design and Qualification for Nuclear Power Plants • Revision process to start in 4Q/2009

  30. ACTIVITY I: SAFETY STANDARDS • Safety Reports and TECDOCs: • Safety Report on “Pre-earthquake planning and post-earthquake action for existing nuclear power plants”(to be published as a Safety Report in 4Q/2009) • TECDOC on “Safety Significance of a Type of Seismic Input Motions and Consequences on Nuclear Industry Practice”Final Review • Safety Report on “Methodologies for Seismic Safety Evaluation for existing Nuclear Installations” 2010 • TECDOC on “Seismic instrumentation for plant shutdown, restart and exceedence criteria” 2010

  31. ACTIVITY I: SAFETY STANDARDS • Other safety guides under within ISSC framework • Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations (NS-R-3 revision) • Protection against Internal and External Hazards in the Design of NPPs (combining four existing guides) • Geotechnical Aspects of Site Evaluation and Foundations for Nuclear Installations (To supersede NS-G-3.6) • External Human Induced Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations (To supersede NS-G-3.1) • Site Survey for Nuclear Installations (Revision of Safety Series 50-SG-S9 (1984)) • And more safety reports • Safety Report on “Lessons learned from the Niigataken Chuetsu-oki earthquake in July 2007 and the K-K NPP experience”

  32. SAFETY STANDARDS – PLANNING FOR SITE EVALUATION

  33. SS - PLANNING FOR DESIGN/EXTERNAL EVENTS

  34. ACTIVITY II: SAFETY REVIEW SERVICES • Current review activities on engineering safety and site selection and evaluation to be performed under ISSC • Kashiwazaki-Kariwa (conducted as a special fact-finding programme) • Armenia • Jordan • Turkey • UAE • Algeria • Romania • Egypt • Belarus • China • Vietnam • Malaysia • Tunisia • Bangladesh

  35. IAEA INVOLVEMENT – K-K NPP • “Seismic Safety Expert Mission - Preliminary Findings and Lessons Learned”, August 2007. • “1stFollow up Mission in relation to the Findings and Lessons Learned”, January/February 2008. • “Experts Meeting in relation to the Geological and Geophysical investigations”, May 2008. • “Experts Meeting in relation to the New Revised Seismic Hazard Assessment for the K-K NPP site”, June 2008. • “IAEA International Workshop on Lessons Learned from Recent Strong Earthquakes”, Kashiwazaki, Japan, June 2008. • “Experts Meeting in relation to the Geological and Geophysical investigations”, September 2008. • Presentations in international meetings and tasks related to ongoing EBP projects. • “2ndFollow up Mission in relation to the Findings and Lessons Learned”, 1-5 December 2008.

  36. Kashiwazaki-Kariwa update • Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake (July 16, 2007) • Evaluation of the Integrity of SSCs during NCOE • Analyses, Inspections • Re-evaluation of the seismic hazard for future operation • Evaluation of the plant seismic safety to new hazard and definition of upgrades: approved by NISA (January 23, 2009) • NISA finished its report on system function and structural robustness (February 12, 2009) • Minister of Economy, Mr. T. Nikai, issued a statement "there is no safety hurdle in restarting" (February 13, 2009) • Mayors (April 8, 2009) and Governor (May 8, 2009) gave consent for restart • TEPCO restarted the reactor of Unit 7. (May 9, 2009) • 22 months for the restart of the first (of 7) Unit!

  37. ACTIVITY III: TOPICAL PROJECTS AND R&D • Topical researches and studies to be conducted within scope of the “EBP Seismic” project in relation to the earthquake and its effect on NPPs • Seismic Hazard Evaluation, CAV/JMA Research/GM Simulat, • KARISMA (International analyses benchmark Unit 7 of KK NPP) • Post earthquake plant response actions • Seismic Instrumentation and Exceedance Criteria • Detailed guidelines for Seismic safety Re-evaluation of Existing Installations • DATABASE: Seismic and Tsunami • OECD/NEA-IAEA Survey on NPPs that have experienced earthquakes • On line monitoring system • Probabilistic fault displacement assessment and other NISA/TEPCO activities • PSHA project by NISA, Japan. • R&D – Regional Centres • Tsunamis and Volcanic Hazards Assessment projects

  38. ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING • ISSC Annual Workshop in Kashiwazaki • Training Course in Genève andICTP • Workshop on issues and lessons learned in China (Asia region) • International Annual Workshop in Latin America

  39. ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING • ISSC Annual Workshop in Kashiwazaki • Organizer: IAEA-ISSC • Joint-organizer: NISA • Target: November 2009 at Kashiwazaki, Japan • Resource: 2009 Voluntary contribution of NISA for ISSC • Scope: Developments and projections of all ISSC activities and Annual Plenary Meeting of ISSC Scientific Committee • Participants: Up to 50 experts in relation to ISSC activities • Output: A report (with working materials)

  40. ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2) Training Courses • Hazard assessment methods of critical facilities • Organizer: University of Genève • Co-Organizer: IAEA-ISSC • Schedule: August 2010 • Location: Genève, Switzerland • ICTP course on Seismic Safety of nuclear facilities • Organizer: International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) • Co-Organizer: IAEA-ISSC • Schedule: 30 November - 4 December 2009 • Location: Trieste, Italy • Resources: ICTP budget

  41. ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING 3) ISSC Workshop on issues and lessons learned from recent earthquakes in China (tentative) • Organizer: IAEA-ISSC • Joint-organizer: to be announced • Target: July/August 2009 in Shanghai, China • Resource: 2009 Voluntary contribution of European Union for ISSC • Scope: Whole ISSC scope in the region of Asia • Participants: Experts on Seismic hazard analysis, seismology, structure engineering relating to nuclear installation mainly from Asian countries • Output: A report (with working materials)

  42. ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING 4) International Annual Workshop in Latin America • Organizer: IAEA-ISSC • Joint-organizer: National Atomic Energy Commission (Argentina) • Target: 5-9, October 2009 in Buenos-Aires, Argentina • Resources: 2009 EU Contribution for ISSC • Scope: External Hazards for Nuclear Installations • Participants: Experts on Seismic hazard analysis, seismology, structure engineering from Latin American countries. • Output: A report (with working materials)

  43. ACTIVITY IV: EDUCATION AND TRAINING • Other activities: • Asia Nuclear Safety Network workshop in South-east Asia • Tentative target Winter 2009/2010 • Scope: Safety Requirements of NPP Siting • 20th Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 20) : An Special Session regarding the KK NPP experience (Aug. 2009, Finland)

  44. ACTIVITY V: KNOWLEDGE & DATABASE • Collection of information for sharing knowledge and experiences of real earthquake effects on NPPs • Survey on NPPs that have experienced earthquakes – collaboration with OECD/NEA – • Creation and maintenance of a seismic safety Database • Bibliography and reports • Real earthquake records of Strong Ground Motion Accelerometers • Documents produced by topical researches • Results on experimental tests for equipment seismic qualification • Seismic Hazard Assessment • Earthquake Occurrence Monitoring Display System

  45. Monitoring System for NPP Sites nearby Strong Earthquakes When strong earthquake happens, Monitoring System will give a warning on screen and will show NPP sites nearby the earthquakes and list them according to the criteria. The system will be a web based online monitoring system. The information obtained from the system will be used for further assessment of the NSNI/ISSC. Monitoring System will also generate an automatic e-mail and SMS massage and send to relevant persons. 9/17/2014 45

  46. Screen 1: Home Page (Default) When an earthquake M>5 happen, the earthquake is automatically selected and Screen 2 is loaded, or when we click one of the listed earthquake, Screen 2 is loaded. List is in date order but, If 3 < M < 5, Ei disappears after 1 week If 5 < M < 7, Ei disappears after 2 weeks If M > 7, Ei disappears after 1 month from the list and the map. (This should be customizable through user interface, if it is possible.) Map of the world with location of NPP sites and location of recent earthquakes listed in the right table appears in the Home Page. List of earthquakes with different colour Green background for 3 < M < 5 Yellow background for 5 < M < 7 Red background for M > 7

  47. Screen 2: When an earthquake selected Map with locations of NPP sites and Earthquake Concern Region (by default dx is calculated according to given criteria.) Reference list . 1- Reference table --- (We can write more information about EQ to the table.) 2- If an earthquake is in Japan region (it will be given), link to K-net will appears http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/k-net/quake/index_en.html When an NPP site is selected, Screen 3 is loaded. dx Distance to epicentre Redraw 5 km 18 km 35 km 37 km 49 km … . dx default value is loaded using the below criteria. It can be given manually. Draw the page acc. to selected dx distance Two ways of operation: (1) Default selection is latest earthquake (automatically). (2) we can select an previous earthquake (manually). In both case, selected one appears in details with different background. List of NPP sites within Earthquake Concern Region and their distance to epicentre Criteria for the list of NPP sites dx = 50 km 5 > M  3 dx = 300 km 7 > M  5 dx = 1000 km M  7

  48. Screen 3: Specific NPP Site data By default, the first unit is selected. Otherwise any unit can be selected manually. Unit details of selected unit

  49. IAEA – ISSC THE INTERNATIONAL SEISMIC SAFETY CENTRE (ISSC) WHERE WE ARE NOW? WHERE ARE WE GOING? 49

  50. PRESENT SITUATION: “ISOLATED” APPROACH (PM) (1SC) (2SC) (3SC) (FSC) CURRENT EPBs (PM) (1SC) (2SC) (3SC) (FSC) Need of Sustainability 50

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