1 / 23

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon containing compounds

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon containing compounds Organic compound is one that contains the element carbon Inorganic chemistry studies the other elements. Classification of Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen.

ursula
Download Presentation

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon containing compounds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon containing compounds Organic compound is one that contains the element carbon Inorganic chemistry studies the other elements.

  2. Classification of Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen. A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds is a saturated hydrocarbon or alkane.

  3. C | C — C — C | C branched alkane C — C — C — C — C normal alkane More complex alkanes can be straight chained (normal) or branched. • Isomers: Compounds that have identical molecular formulas, but different arrangement of atoms.

  4. Which are normal alkanes and which are branched alkanes?

  5. Representing Organic Compounds Expanded structural formulas show all atoms with bonds. Condensed structural formulas list all the atoms in order implying how they are bound together: CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3 (CH2) 2CH3

  6. Naming Alkanes The IUPAC method consists of:

  7. # of Carbons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Root Name Meth- eth- prop- but- pent- hex- hept- oct- non- dec- CH3CH2CH2CH3 = BUTANE

  8. Naming Alkanes, cont. The ending –ane signifies the alkane family. Step 1: Identify and name the longest carbon chain. This gives the root and ending. Step 2: Number the longest carbon chain to give the lowest number to any carbon to which a group is attached. CH3 CH3 | | Example: CH2 — CH2 — CH — CH3

  9. 5 CH3 CH3 | | Example: CH2 — CH2 — CH — CH3 (pentane) 4 3 2 1 Step 3: Locate and name the attached alkyl group.

  10. 5 CH3 CH3 | | Example: CH2 — CH2 — CH — CH3 4 3 2 1 Naming Alkanes, cont. Step 4:Combine the longest chain and the branches into the name. 2-methylpentane

  11. Naming Cycloaklanes Cycloalkanes are alkanes containing rings of carbon atoms. The prefix cyclo- is used before the alkane name. When two or more substituents are attached to the cycloalkanes, the ring numbering begins with the first group alphabetically and proceeds to give lowest numbers possible.

  12. Example: CH2CH3 1 2 3 CH3 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentane

  13. Alkane Reactions Alkanes are the least reactive of all organic compounds. The most significant reaction of alkanes is combustion. Combustion- A chemical reaction that produces a flame due to burning with oxygen. Many alkanes are used this way – as fuels. Methane – natural gas Propane – used in gas grills Butane – lighters Gasoline – a mixture of hydrocarbons

  14. Complete Combustion (in the presence of adequate Oxygen) HEAT Incomplete Combustion (where there is not enough Oxygen available)

More Related