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The Ablative Case and prepositional phrases

Latin I, Stage 14, part 2. The Ablative Case and prepositional phrases. Let’s start with the basics…. A preposition is a part of speech that describes one noun’s relationship with another. In short, they are “anywhere a cat can go:”. In On Over Under Near Around Into Onto In front of

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The Ablative Case and prepositional phrases

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  1. Latin I, Stage 14, part 2 The Ablative Case and prepositional phrases

  2. Let’s start with the basics… • A preposition is a part of speech that describes one noun’s relationship with another. • In short, they are “anywhere a cat can go:” • In • On • Over • Under • Near • Around • Into • Onto • In front of • Behind • Towards • Away from • Down from • About

  3. Latin uses these, just like English • in- in/on; into/onto • sub-under • de -down from, about • sine -without • cum -with • prope -near • post -after, behind • pro -in front of • a/ab -away from, by • e/ex -out of There are more, but here are the ones we will see most often in our stories.

  4. But what about CASE? • We all know that in Latin, a noun will be in different cases depending on how it is used in a sentence. • Prepositions work the same way. • In a sentence like: • Metella cum Melissāambulat • How do we know that it is “with Melissa” and not “with Metella”? • Because Metella and Melissā are in different cases!

  5. CASE, cont. • Notice that long line over the –a in Melissā. • Many prepositions take the accusative case, but there is a subset, like cum, that use a new case… • The ABLATIVE! • This is an extremely common case.

  6. These particular prepositions require nouns in the ABLATIVE: • Sub • In • De • Sine • Pro • a/ab • Cum • e/ex Latin uses a silly mnemonic device to help you remember these.

  7. SID SPACE, the Ablative Astronaut • Sub • In • De • Sine • Pro • A/ab • Cum • E/ex

  8. What this means… • Anything you are • With • In/on • Under • Down from/concerning • Without • In front of • Away from • Out of • Will be in the ABLATIVE case.

  9. The endings:

  10. Some practice: • Metellaest in atriō. • What is the prepositional phrase? • In atrio • In which case is atrio? • ablative • Why is it in this case? • “In” takes the ablative case. • Now try some on your own:

  11. Caecilius ad forum ambulavit. • Translation: ______________________________________ • What is the prepositional phrase? • _________________ • In which case is forum? • _________________ • Why is it in this case? • ___________________

  12. Venaliciī cum mercatoribusdicebant. • Translation: ______________________________________ • Prepositional phrase? • __________________ • Case of mercatoribus? • ____________________ • Reason? • ____________________

  13. Canis per viascurrit. • Translation: ______________________________________ • Prepositional phrase? • ___________________ • Case of vias? • ______________ • Reason? • ______________

  14. One final thing… • What’s Latin class without SOMETHING a bit tricky, right? • The preposition IN has four different meanings: • in,on; into, onto • WHEN in is used with an ablativenoun, it means “in” or “on.” • NOTE: there is no motion or movement taking place, you are IN a room, or something is ON a table, etc. • When in is used with an accusative noun, it means “into” or “onto.” • NOTE: there IS motion taking place; you are actively walking INTO a room or placing something ONTO a table, etc.

  15. Practice: in or into? • Quintus in tricliniobibit. • __in___________ • Grumioin culinamambulat. • _______________ • Mercatoresin forum contenderunt. • ________________ • Gladiatores in arenāpugnabant. • _______________ • Servus in hortolaboravit. • _______________ • Cerberus in hortumfestinavit. • _______________

  16. Ready to try on your own? • Log onto www.engrade.com to complete a lesson on prepositional phrases AND take a quiz to test yourself.

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