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World War II

World War II. Rise of Dictators Stalin’s Soviet Union. Economic Plans Huge collective farms Starvation & rationing Pushed industrialization more Reign of Terror Purges – removed enemies & undesirables Show trials – always guilty Millions killed or put in camps. Fascism in Italy.

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Rise of DictatorsStalin’s Soviet Union • Economic Plans • Huge collective farms • Starvation & rationing • Pushed industrialization more • Reign of Terror • Purges – removed enemies & undesirables • Show trials – always guilty • Millions killed or put in camps

  3. Fascism in Italy • Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Party • Appointed Prime Minister • Suspended elections • Began conquests – Ethiopia

  4. Hitler’s Rise to Power • Served in WWI – injured • Hated Versailles Treaty

  5. Nazi Party • National Socialist German Workers Party • Nov. 1923 – 3000 followers tried to overthrow • Fail, jailed • Wrote “Mein Kampf” • Wanted German Homeland • Aryan Race – Blonde hair/blue eyes

  6. Hitler Becomes Chancellor • 1932 – made by Hindenburg • Suspended free speech and press • Brown shirts – Nazi thugs quiet opposition • 1934 – Pres too = Der Fuhrer

  7. Rearms and Expands • Secretly began rearming • Built autobahn • Army began taking over land • Allied with Italy = Axis Powers

  8. Spanish Civil War • Several parties fought for power • Nationalist lead by Gen. Franco • Dictatorship • Germany helped Franco

  9. Europe Goes to WarInvasion of Poland • Hitler & Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact • 9/1/39 – Hitler invades Poland • 9/3 – UK & France declare war • German blitzkrieg – lightening war • Fast, concentrated air and land attack

  10. War in the West • Poland fell, war stopped • Sitzkrieg – sit down war • Maginot Line – French fortification line

  11. France Falls • 4/9/40 – Attack Denmark & Norway • Went around Maginot • 6/22 – France surrenders to Germany • Vichy France – Nazi control • Bottom ¼ - Gen de Gaulle & resistance • Allies – France, UK, USA

  12. Battle of Britain • Luftwaffe attacks London • Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks Berlin • Heavy bombing, much death, destruction • Britain hid in subway • Kids shipped to countryside

  13. Japan Builds an Empire Growing Military Power • 1920s – recession • Military began influencing politics • Invaded and took Manchuria from China • Puppet State

  14. War Against China • 1937 invaded China • Rape of Nanjing – 100,000 killed • US wanted Japan to stop • UK helped China fight back • 1940 – Japan joined Axis

  15. US Chooses Neutrality • 1930’s – Neutrality Acts • Prevented trade with countries at war • Europe and Asia fell to war • US watched

  16. Americas Involvement Grows • Revised Neutrality Acts • Gave aid to UK and France • Most wanted “all aid short of war” • FDR wins 3rd election • Lend-Lease = send aid now, get back later

  17. Japan Attacks!!! • Sunday, December 7, 1941 @ 7am • Radar saw planes “Don’t worry” • After 3 hours • 2400 killed • 200 planes destroyed • 18 warships sunk • 12/8 – US declares war

  18. US Mobilization • Selective Training and Service Act • 16 million called GIs – Government Issue • 25,000 NA – code talkers • Tuskegee Airmen – All AA units • 350,000 women

  19. The War Economy • Office of War Mobilization • Stopped consumer goods • Started war goods • Ford – B-24 bombers • Paid by taxes and bonds

  20. Daily Life • Shortage of consumer goods • Food stamps & rationing • Food needed for troops • Victory Gardens • Spent money on other things • Baseball, music, movies

  21. American’s Join In • US & UK fought U-Boats in Atlantic • 20 U-Boats = Wolf Pack • Sunk 175 ships in June 1942

  22. North Africa • Feb 1941 • Hitler sends Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox” • US Gen Eisenhower fought back • Nazi lost in 1943

  23. Italy • US invaded Italy next under Gen. Patton • Mussolini arrested, new govt. set • Nazi pushed out by April 1945

  24. Soviet Union • German blitzkrieg & Luftwaffe • Nazi began to take over • Stalin called for help, US did • Battle of Stalingrad (Sept 1942) • Red Army took advantage of winter • Losses: Germany 33,000, Red – 1 million

  25. Allied Air War • RAF’s carpet bombing – 3000 planes • 1000’s of civilians killed

  26. Invasion of Western Europe • Operation Overlord by Gen. Marshall • D-Day June 6, 1944 • Ships, planes attack Normandy, France • Able to liberate France • Battle of the Bulge • Small US units took West Europe

  27. War Ends • Soviets fought to Berlin in 1945 • Hitler refuses to leave city • Underground bunker with wife • Suicide April 30th • Germany surrenders May 8th • VE Day

  28. Yalta Conference • Feb 1945 • Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin • Split Germany in 4 • Berlin too (deep in USSR) • Stalin promised to end war with Japan • Didn’t keep promise

  29. The Holocaust • Aryans – Germanic People • Semites – Middle Eastern/Jews • Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews • Hitler believed in Aryan superiority

  30. Persecution in Germany • 1933 – Anti-Semitism became law • 33-45 – 6 million Jews killed • Other groups (6 mil) suffered too

  31. Nazi Policies • Jews lost citizenship, fired, sell business • Define “Jew” – 3 of 4 grandparents • “Sarah” and “Israel” • Forced to wear Star of David

  32. Kristallnacht • Most Jews believed they would endure • November 9, 1938 • SS destroyed all Jew stores, houses, temples • “Night of Broken Glass” • Forced to ghettos

  33. Einsatzgruppen • Mobile killing squads in Russia • Jews and Communists dug own graves • Shot by Nazi soldiers • Wannsee Conference 1942 • Wanted Final Solution

  34. Death Camps – Part 1 • Zyklon B – pesticide • Shower rooms that expelled gas • 6 camps in Poland became Death Camps • Used cattle trains to move people

  35. Death Camps – Part 2 • Auschwitz & Dachau = worst • 2 lines – Work or Die • Gas Chamber -> furnace • Alive – shaved, tattoo, work

  36. Death Camps – Part 3 • Hard work, little food, disease, brutality • Torture and medical experiments • 12,000 gassed a day

  37. Rebellion, Rescue, & Liberation • Some Jews fought back • Worked for a moment • US knew in 1942 – did nothing • Troops found camps in 1945 • Photographed everything! • No idea what they were seeing

  38. Nuremberg Trials • 24 Nazi leaders tried for crimes against humanity • 12 got death penalty • Israel still finding and trying Nazi criminals

  39. War in the Pacific • Japan took over much of East Asia • POWs tortured, marched for days • Ship battles, many attacks • Fought on islands – Island hopping • Kamikazes – suicide planes • Japanese in US put in internment camps

  40. Iwo Jima and Okinawa • Two major battles • Iwo Jima – 25,000 deaths, 27 medal of honor • Famous flag picture • Okinawa – huge allied fleet, fought kamikazes • 50,000 dead

  41. Manhattan Project • To develop atomic bomb • Truman made decision to drop to save lives • 8/6/45 – 1st bomb on Hiroshima • 80,000 killed, 90% of city leveled • August 14th – Japan surrenders

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