Presentation Transcript

1. Lesson 1: Jamestown & the Virginia Colony

2. Jamestown & the Virginia Colony
3. Key Terms Joint-stock company Virginia Company John Smith John Rolfe Cash crop Tobacco Powhatan House of Burgesses Bacon’s Rebellion Indentured servant Slavery
4. What we want to know Why was Jamestown founded? How did geography impact the development of Virginia? What was the relationship between the colonists and the Native Americans? What allowed Jamestown to prosper? How was self-government developing in Jamestown?
5. Motivation for founding Jamestown Money Promise of gold for King James & English government Land for small farmers pushed off their land Land & wealth for younger sons who couldn’t inherit More than a few of the early explorers were younger sons on a quest for wealth and fame
6. Early Efforts at Colonization & theLost Colony of Roanoke First effort: Newfoundland Roanoke – founded in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh off coast of Virginia Croatoan
7. Founding of Jamestown April 1607 Jamestown founded by a group of investors who formed The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company The goal was to get rich quick. No one was thinking of long-term settlement Jamestown became the 1st permanent English settlement in the Americas
8. Founding of Jamestown: The Colonists The Colonists Most were single men Few had any practical skills like a knowledge of farming, carpentry, etc. They planned to find gold and return to England John Smith Took over the colony in 1608 Pocahontas –Powhatan people help colonists at first “He who shall not work shall not eat.”
9. PocahontasRebecca Rolfe
10. Founding of Jamestown Conditions were terrible Mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria Colonists died of disease, malnutrition, & starvation Many spent time looking for gold rather than storing food & building shelter
11. Founding of Jamestwon The “Starving Time,” Winter 1609-160 Only 60 of the 400 colonists survived (attempted cannibalism) Colonist raided Native Americans to get food & this increases tensions between the two groups 1610 Remaining colonists try to leave, but are ordered by back by the new governor, Lord De La Warr 1625 Virginia Company was bankrupt & King James made Jamestown part of the royal colony of Virginia In 1625 only 1200 out of 8,000 who had come to Virginia since 1607 were still alive
12. The English & the Native Americans Relations remained tense & two major wars were fought European diseases were the worst enemy of the Native Americans By 1669, only 10% of the original Native American people who lived in Virginia remained
13. Evolution of Democracy in Virginia 1619 The Virginia Company started the House of Burgesses Governor appointed men to the H of B, which was the first representative legislature in the colonies Members had to be male, over 21, and own a certain amount of property
14. Jamestown & Tobacco Tobacco was introduced to Europe in the 1580s & a smoking frenzy began 1612 John Rolfe introduced a hybrid tobacco with a smoother taste By 1700, Virginia exported 40 million pounds of tobacco per year
15. Impact of Tobacco Increased the need for land which caused colonists to move west Increased the need for labor
16. How to get workers to Jamestown? Head right system – a person who paid for another persons’ ticket to the new world got 50 acres of land Indentured servants -- a person who could not afford the journey to America agreed to work for 7 to 14 years
17. Who were the indentured servants? 3/4s of Chesapeake Bay colonists were indentured servants Young, unskilled males A few were women & children Masters provided food, clothing, and housing They were treated like slaves 2 out of 5 died before they finished their indenture Most went to live on the frontier or returned to England
18. Bacon’s Rebellion Ex-indentured servants live on cheap frontier land They had lots of conflicts with the Native Americans They paid high taxes and wanted the governor of Virginia to send the army to protect them Gov. William Berkley (fur trade) refused to send help when fighting between colonists on the frontier & Native Americans in 1676
19. Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon led the former indentured servants on a march to Jamestown, capital of the Virginia colony Bacon and the rebels got control of Jamestown The governor ran away But Bacon died & the rebellion ended
20. Why is Bacon’s Rebellion important? Using slaves seemed better than indentured servants Showed power of "common man“ (an important theme in American history)

21. Lesson 2: The Puritans Settle New EnglandMassachusetts and Rhode Island

22. Lesson 2 Vocabulary & Key Terms Purify Puritans Separatists Plymouth Colony Pilgrims Mayflower Compact Massachusetts Bay Colony Port Electorate General Court Dissenter Roger Williams Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson Treaty Metacom King Philip’s War
23. The New England Colonies
24. What We Want to Know Why did the Puritans settle New England? What type of colony was New England? What was the relationship between the Puritans and the Native Americans? What kind of government did the New England colonies have? Why was the colony of Rhode Island founded? What ended Native American power in New England? What caused the Salem Witch Trials?
25. Settlement of the New England Colonies The Puritans A religious group in England Wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic rituals Believed in hard work and community Some Puritans said purifying the church was impossible, so they would have to separate from the Church of England These people were called Separatists
26. Plymouth Colony & the Mayflower Compact Separatists called the Pilgrims came to America on the Mayflower. ½ the people on the Mayflower were Pilgrims ½ were not . Mayflower Compact – document signed by Pilgrim men. 1st document of self-government in America Pilgrim men would make laws for all colonists
27. Founding of Plymouth Colony
28. Mayflower Compact
29. Massachusetts Bay Colony Founded in 1630 Founded by Puritans as a joint-stock company Puritans wanted religious freedom
30. Society in the New England Colonies Unlike Jamestown, Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay were settle by families Religion was very important.
31. Massachusetts Bay Colony Government – The Puritans had town meetings to make laws and decisions about government Men who owned stock in the Massachusetts Bay Company could vote Men who belonged to the Puritan church could vote A large electorate – compared to England The town meetings were an early form of democracy in America
32. Religious Dissenters in Massachusetts Bay In Massachusetts the Church controlled the government Religious difference were not tolerated Roger Williams disagreed with Puritan Church Williams said The Puritans should pay Native American for their land The government shouldn’t punish people for disagreeing with the Puritan church The Puritans forced Williams to leave MBC and he founded the colony of Rhode Island.
33. Roger Williams & Native AMericans
34. Religious Dissenters Anne Hutchinson Said Christians didn’t need ministers or the church to interpret the Bible Hutchinson and her family were forced to leave MBC (Later Hutchinson & her family were killed by Native Americans.)
35. Puritans and Native Americans Native Americans & Puritans made treaties about using the land Native Americans believed treaties were for a short time Puritans believed the treaties were forever In 1637 there was a war between Native Americans and Puritans over land Puritans won
36. Puritans and Native Americans Many Native Americans were poor and had to work for the Puritans and obey Puritan laws 1675 Metacom (King Philip), a Native American leader, started a war against the Puritans The war was called King Philip’s The Puritans won and the Native Americans did not challenge (desafio) the Puritans again.
37. The Salem Witch(Bruja) Trials, 1692 Puritan society was very strict – no cursing, no gambling, long church services, lots of rules to follow Puritans also had to worry about Indian attacks Puritan girls had very little power in their own lives
38. Salem Witch Trials
39. Salem Witch Trials 1692 young girls began accusing women in Salem of witchcraft (brujeria) Most people in the 1600s believed in witches The most important people in town were listening to the girls 19 people were executed for being witches Finally, the girls accused the wife of the governor

40. Lesson 3: The Middle Colonies:New York & PennsylvaniaNew Jersey & Delaware

41. The Middle Colonies Key Terms & Vocabulary Dutch Netherlands Diverse (diversity) Fur Trade Proprietary Quaker Minister William Penn Tolerance
42. The Middle Colonies: What we want to know Why did the Dutch settle the New Netherlands (New York)? Why did the Quakers settle Pennsylvania What kind of societies developed in New York and Pennsylvania?
43. The Middle Colonies: New York The New Netherlands (New York) were colonized by the Dutch The Dutch wanted to trade with the Native Americans for furs. The Dutch let many different types of people settle in New Netherlands, so the New Netherlands had a very diverse population. Germans, French, Scandinavia, free Africans
44. The Middle Colonies: New York In the 1660s, the Dutch colony of the New Netherlands separated the Virginia colony from the New England England took the New Netherlands from the Dutch. The English renamed the colony New York The colony became a proprietary colony.
45. The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia Quakers were religious dissenters. They believed a church didn’t need a minister. They did not believe in war. William Penn was a wealthy Quaker. He wanted to start a colony for Quakers.
46. The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia Penn’s colony was called Pennsylvania. Penn had strong beliefs about his colony No slavery Religious tolerance Fair relations with the Native Americans Penn let people from France, the Netherlands, Germany, and other countries live in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was a diverse colony.
47. The Thirteen Colonies New Hampshire 1623 Maryland 1634 – founded for Catholics Connecticut – 1634 Delaware 1638 North Carolina 1653 South Carolina 1663 New Jersey 1664
48. Home Sweet Home:Georgia King George III of England gave James Oglethorpe a charter to establish the colony of Georgia In England in 1700s, people who could not pay debts were sent to jail. Oglethorpe believed it was better to give people a chance to work and pay their debt Oglethorpe wanted these people to live in Georgia
49. Georgia 1736 Oglethorpe established his colony on Saint Simon’s Island. Few debtors actually came No rum and no slaves Georgians saw South Carolinians getting rich from rice plantations

50. Lesson 4: England and Her Colonies

51. Lesson 4 Vocabulary Marketplace Raw materials Mercantilism Theory Self-sufficient Navigation Acts Parliament
52. Why did England want colonies? America provided raw materials Examples? ? ___________________________ _______________________________________ America was a marketplace for English manufactured products Mercantilism
53. Mercantilism What is mercantilism? An economic theory What are the goals of mercantilism? To be self-sufficient – a country shouldn’t depend on other countries for anything To get as much gold and silver as a country can Is America self-sufficient?
54. Economic Activities in the Colonies New England Colonies Middle Colonies Furs Wheat Glass Livestock Flax (used to make linen cloth) Shipbuilding Rum Fishing Lumber Trade
55. Economic Activities in the Colonies Southern Colonies Tobacco Rice Indigo Wheat Lumber
56. Navigation Acts Colonists were selling some products to other European countries. England didn’t like this. England’s Parliament passed the Navigation Acts – laws to control colonial trade Some colonists didn’t like the Navigation Acts
57. The Southern Colonies Agricultural economy Cash crop – one grown primarily for sale Examples: tobacco, rice cotton, indigo Very little industry or diversification Patterns of settlement: Most Southerners from British Isles or Germans Plantations & small farms Crops transported to port cities along South’s many rivers Result: few cities and towns develop
58. The Southern Colonies: Slavery Slavery Indentured servants & enslaved Indians didn’t meet need for labor Colonists turned to African slaves (1690 – 13,000; 1750 – 200,000)
59. The Slave Trade African slaves used in West Indies on sugar plantations Triangular Trade Rum shipped from New England to Africa Slaves shipped from Africa to West Indies Sugar & molasses shipped from W. Indies to New England Middle Passage – passage from Africa to the West Indies Enslaved Africans shipped in horrible conditions Up to 20% died on the voyage over
60. Life in the American Colonies Began full-time work at 12 Most worked in fields Worked to maintain their culture – dance, song, stories
61. The North The North: Diversified economy Poor, rocky soil, not good for large farms (Agriculture does well in the Middle Colonies; e.g. PA) Industries: fishing, lumber, ship building, rum production Slavery did exist, but it wasn’t that profitable
62. The North Cities and towns developed Education – important in New England More diverse society – Germans, Dutch, British, Scandinavians, Jews, Protestants, Catholics
63. Salem Witch Trials Young girls accused older women Belief in witches was real Fear of Native American attacks – preoccupied with death Probably result of social and class tensions Ended when girls accused wife of governor of Massachusetts
64. The Great Awakening 1650s- early1700s Puritan church in decline Puritans prospered and were focusing on money, not God Half-Way Covenant, 1661 Let children of church members join church even if they couldn’t give required testimony of conversion 1690s – MA had to permit other forms of worship when it became a royal colony
65. Great Awakening Jonathan Edwards, Puritan leader tried to revive the Puritan Church 1730s & 1740s – Wave of religious revivals swept colonies Number of colonists in church increased dramatically New denominations – Baptists, Methodists Christianity brought to slaves Led to interest in higher education, Ivy Leagues est. Need for literacy
66. Great Awakening and Revolution Focus on individual & human reasoning Questioning of traditional authority
67. French and Indian War, 1754-1763 ________and Britain were competing over the Ohio River Valley (French had settled in Canada for _____ trade) Brits think French giving Native Americans _________. 1754 – GW sent to evict French citizens from part of ORV GW defeated & had to surrender his fort War________________ 1st – French winning British get new Prime Minister who revamped the army 1763 British defeated French at Battle of _________
68. French and Indian War, 1754-1763 Treaty of_________ [1763] ended the war Britain got all of North America east of Mississippi River, including _________ from Spain (________ – got French lands west of Miss R.) (_______ – kept a few small islands off Canada) Native Americans – British harder to deal with than the ____________ Who won the French and Indian War?
69. Importance of French and Indian War Proclamation of _____ – no settlement west of Appalachians. If you are there, you _________________ British War ____ – Who is going to pay for the war? How could this cause problems between the colonies and England?