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Multimedia Seminar

Multimedia Seminar. DirectX – use und concepts. structure. development / definition parts of DirectX versions concepts perspective. review – MS DOS. Application had exclusive access to the hardware Programming in consideration of different hardware configurations required.

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Multimedia Seminar

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  1. Multimedia Seminar DirectX – use und concepts

  2. structure • development / definition • parts of DirectX • versions • concepts • perspective

  3. review – MS DOS • Application had exclusive access to the hardware • Programming in consideration of different hardware configurations required

  4. review - Windows 95 • multitasking • ressources had to be shared • poor performance in MM applications

  5. definition • what is DirectX • as direct as possible • as fast as possible • as decent as possible

  6. alternatives • OpenGL • 3dfx Glide

  7. structure • development / definition • parts of DirectX • versions • concepts • perspective

  8. DirectX Components • DirectGraphics • DirectAudio • DirectVideo • DirectPlay • DirectInput • DirectShow

  9. structure • development / definition • parts of DirectX • versions • concepts • perspective

  10. versions • development course of the versions • important features

  11. DirectX 1 • published 1995 with Win95 • DirectDraw, DirectInput, DirectSound, DirectPlay • no support for 3D Graphics yet

  12. DirectX 2 • published 1996 • introduction of Direct3D • creation of simple vector graphics

  13. DirectX 3 • DirectSound-3D extension for DirectSound • support for Intels MMX extensions

  14. DirectX 5 • many new extensions -> skipped V4 • force Feedback input devices • hardwaresupport for 3D Audio • introduction DirectX Media • 3D API updated

  15. DirectX 6 • further 3D extensions (effects, texture compression, …) • integration 3Dnow • updated MMX support • introduction of DirectMusic API

  16. DirectX 7 • further 3D API updates (Vertex Blending, Cubic Environment Mapping, …) • MS Visual Basic Interface

  17. DirectX 8 • 3D API extensions (point sprites to design rain or snow, …) • support for Vertex Shader • D3D & DirectDraw -> DirectGraphics, DirectSound & DirectMusic -> DirectAudio

  18. DirectX 9 (actual version) • HLSL • performance enhancements in Vertex- and Pixelshader • more exact calculations in D3D API • interface to Visual Studio .NET development environment

  19. DxDiag • test DirectX functions • display system hardware

  20. Shader • Definitions: • Shader • Pixel • Vertex

  21. Vertex Shader • geometric calculations • no creation but transformation • used before Pixel Shader •  possible parameter passing

  22. Pixel Shader • adressing of textures • color and transparency calculation • using parameters passed by the Vertex Shader for calculations • SIMD

  23. Shader programming pre-DirectX9 • Complex visual effects had to be implemented in assembler DP3 R0, c[11].xyzx, c[11].xyzx RSQ R0, R0.x MUL R0, R0.x, c[11].xyzx MOV R1, c[3] MUL R1, R1.x, c[0].xyzx DP3 R2, R1.xyzx, R1.xyzx RSQ R2, R2.x MUL R1, R2.x, R1.xyzx ADD R2, R0.xyzx, R1.xyzx DP3 R3, R2.xyzx, R2.xyzx RSQ R3, R3.x MUL R2, R3.x, R2.xyzx DP3 R2, R1.xyzx, R2.xyzx MAX R2, c[3].z, R2.x MOV R2.z, c[3].y MOV R2.w, c[3].y LIT R2, R2

  24. Shader programmingDirectX 9 • HLSL / Cg • differences • concept of HLSL/Cg (profiles) • benefits

  25. Shader programming inHLSL / Cg • using known C/C++ constructs float4 cSpec = pow(max(0, dot(Nf, H)), phongExp).xxx; float4 cPlastic = Cd * (cAmbi + cDiff) + Cs * cSpec;

  26. examples for effects • Environment Bump Mapping

  27. Anisotropic BRDF shading

  28. fisheye lenseeffect

  29. procedural deformation

  30. phong shading

  31. Structure of the DirectX APIs • DirectX Media • DirectX Foundation

  32. structure • development / definition • parts of DirectX • versions • concepts • perspective

  33. Direct X - concepts • HAL and HEL • „Pseudo Einprozess System“ • filter concept

  34. HAL und HEL • concept for programming without knowledge of the hardware

  35. „Pseudo“ single process system • more effective hardware usage by exclusive access • release of control over hardware in case of request by other components • already used by MS Game SDK, Vorgänger of DirectX

  36. filter concept in detail • used for processing streams, for example in DirectShow • uses module architecture for stream processing -> flexible usage • modules presented by filter • filter types: source~, transform~, rendering~, effect~, splitter~.

  37. FilterGraph • GraphEdit

  38. supported development environments • Visual C and C++ • Borland C++ • MS Visual Basic • Borland Delphi • Smalltalk MT • Java

  39. DirectX Programming • DirectX SDK as free download available, which contains the programming interfaces • programming based on Component Object Model

  40. COM • client-server architecture • used to import (make available) classes • reusability • many DirectX SDK functions can be reached by COM

  41. COM server • provides exportable classes (COM objects) • COM objects contain the code and are defined by the COM interface • 3 different server types:In-Process-Server, Local Server, Remote Server

  42. COM – in process server • COM object implemented in DLL file • fast access • every process using a COM object has to load it in the memory -> high memory usage

  43. COM - local server • executable Windows programs which implement the COM-Objects • Start of these programs in case of request of an implemented object • communication via RPC-protocol (remote procedure call) -> slow • once loaded, a local server can provide several clients -> low memory usage

  44. COM - remote server • used if server and client are connected by a network • uses DCOM (distributed COM) • also using RPC -> slow access • insecure RPC implementation in DCOM made W32.Blaster attack possible

  45. COM client • uses functions of the COM server • knows the possible functions, declared in the interface • conversation between server and client is done by the marshaler (which can e.g. convert data types)

  46. COM interface • represents a pointer referencing functions of the COM object • each Interface has a unique ID (GUID – global unique identifier) • has to be implemented in a specific IDL (Interface Definition Language) • COM objects live as long as there exist references to their interface

  47. structure • development / definition • parts of DirectX • versions • concepts • perspective

  48. perspective – DirectX Next • release expected 2005 together with Longhorn • unified shaders • PPP - Programmable Primitive Processor • Framebuffer access by shader • virtual memory management • integer instruction set

  49. Questions ? ? ? ? ? ?

  50. The end Thanks for your attention

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