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New England and the Middle Colonies

New England and the Middle Colonies. Main Idea – A diverse economy in New England & Middle Colonies drives the development of cities. The Middle Colonies. Economy of the Middle Colonies. Cash Crop = Wheat Wheat Boom Population increases in Europe in early 1700s

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New England and the Middle Colonies

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  1. New England and the Middle Colonies Main Idea – A diverse economy in New England & Middle Colonies drives the development of cities.

  2. The Middle Colonies

  3. Economy of the Middle Colonies • Cash Crop = Wheat • Wheat Boom • Population increases in Europe in early 1700s • More people come to America • Wheat farmers get wealthier • Leads to rise of entrepreneurs & capitalists • Major cities develop where the rivers empty into the ocean – WHY?

  4. Who is Who? • Wealthy Wheat Farmers • Wheat Boom leads to entrepreneurs and capitalists • Subsistence Farmers (+) • Grew a bit more than they needed • Tenant Farmers • Work someone else’s land

  5. New England Colonies

  6. A Diverse Economy • No one major cash crop • Lumber • Ships & Furniture • Whaling • Perfume • Lamp Oil • Fishing • Fur

  7. New England Society • Small town vs. Plantation • Town Meetings • Birthplace of the idea of Representative Government in New World

  8. Urban Social Structure Merchants Artisans Unskilled Laborers Indentured Servant - Not many Slaves – relatively few

  9. Triangular Trade

  10. The Imperial System Main Idea – England adopts policies to make trade with the American colonies more profitable

  11. Mercantilism Mercantilism = Economic system where the mother country establishes colonies where there are raw materials. They take raw materials from colonies, manufacture products, then sell them to the colonies

  12. The Navigation Acts • Navigation Act 1660 • All goods imported / exported must go on English ships • Certain raw materials can only be sold to England (tobacco, lumber, indigo, others) • Staple Act 1663 • All imports to colonies must pass through England • Purpose: control trade in colonies and increase profits for England

  13. Colonial Response • Massachusetts ignores Acts • Smuggling • Colonies don’t need to obey laws not in their best interests • King James II revokes colonial charters • Appoints Royal Governor • Dominion of New England • Land Titles worthless • Only Anglican marriages recognized • Churches/Meetinghouses used for Anglicans

  14. John Locke • English philosopher • Ruler’s power comes from the people • All people have natural rights • Life • Liberty • Property • If a government violates a people’s rights, they can over throw the government

  15. English Bill of Rights • No absolute power • Parliament must approve taxes and use of army • Freedom of speech in Parliament • Impartial Jury

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