Hem Raj Regmi Under Secretary(Head; food security monitoring unit)

1. IPC-based Food Security Phase Classification Experiences from Nepal Hem Raj Regmi Under Secretary(Head; food security monitoring unit) Ministry of Agriculture Development Nepal Peshawar, Pakistan March 2014

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE • General Background of the Country: • Methodology Adopted by MOAD on measuring food security • New Interventions on food security IPC; Acute vs Chronic • Data Generation, Management, Analysis and Products Details • Lesson Learned and Way Forward: 2

3. Nepal: General Background A country of 27.5 million between India and China, with high ethnic and cultural diversity Share of agriculture in total GDP is about 35% with 66% of the population having Agriculture as main occupation Sluggish economic growth ranging from 3-5% Physically divided into Mountains , hills and Terai (low land). The elevation ranges from 80 m to 8848 m( highest peak of the world; the mount Everest) Politically divided into 5 development regions, 14 zones and 75 districts. Major Agriculture commodities are paddy, maize, wheat as cereal, sugarcane, cardamom, ginger, tea as cash and fruits and vegetables as well as livestock.

5. Food security: constitutional provision •  The Interim Constitution 2007 has given recognition to food-security, as a basic human right 5

6. Few years ago; in Nepal • Food security meant • Food availability through own production So MoAD started to calculate Food Balance Sheet (FBS) First Component was the Availability • Production Estimate of 5/6 major Cereal Crops • Paddy • Maize • Wheat • Millet • Barley • Buckwheat;

8. Figure 15: Edible cereal balance at regional level and food self-sufficiency at district level. (Source: MoAD) Food Self Sufficiency by districts

9. Now: food security is When all people at all times have both physical and economic access to sufficient food to meet their dietary needs for a productive and healthy life. UN FAO • Four Dimensions • Food availability • Food Access • Food Utilization and • Stability

10. The four dimensions of food security Utilisation Availability Access Stability

11. Adaptation of IPC An adapted version of IPC was used for Nepalfor analyzing and presenting food security. This was necessary because the food balance sheet approach focused only on Availability and did not consider other dimensions of Food Security

12. FS Phase Classification Reference Table • Five Phase • Generally food secure • Moderately food insecure • Highly food insecure • Severely food insecure • Humanitarian emergency/ famine • Threshold for each indicators for respective five FS phases • 12 Indicators

13. Twelve Indicators for Acute food security analysis • Crop production/situation • HHs food stocks • Stock of staples in market • wage employment opportunities within district or neighboring VDC • Sale of NTFP, cash crops, other agr. Products, livestock • Market price of rice • Natural disasters • Out-migration • Coping • Acute child malnutrition status • Disease • Civil security

14. Current Institutional Framework National Planning Commission Nepal Food Security and Nutrition Coordination Committee Information MoAD CBS MoCS Mo Env. MoHP NRB Key Stakeholders Nepal Food Security Monitoring Unit (NeKSAP) Key surveys • NLSS • Labour force • Census NFC • Stocks • Subsidized rice provision DHM • Weather reports HMIS • Growth monitoring • Disease Epidemics • NDHS Monitoring of • Economics and financial indicators Information District Food Security Network (DAO, DADO, DDC,DHO, DLSO, WCO, NGOs, CCI, FECOFUN) Monitoring of • Crop • Market and Price • Livestock

15. District FS Network • Seventy Two among 75 (except Kathmandu Valley district) DFSNs trained on FS Monitoring • DFSN consist development agencies working in the districts • GON line agencies - Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, District Development Committee, Infrastructure, District Health Office, District Administration office, Women and Child Office • CBOs/NGOs/INGOs • Networks – FECOFUN, FNCCI

16. Products – Food Security Bulletin

17. Products: District Food Security Bulletins

18. Products: Crop Situation

19. Products: Market Watch

20. Field Monitors’ De-briefing Meeting • Highly Food insecure Population; - • Total PoP = 366848. • Population at Risk= 48300 (13%) • Main influencing Indicators;- • HHs Food Stock. • Lean period of crop harvest. • stock of main staples in the main market. • Market price (coarse rice 20% - 40%) • sale of NTFP, cash crops, other agr. Products. • acute child (<5 years) malnutrition ( 10% to 19%) Overall Food Situation is moderately food insecure and outlook will remain same.

21. Jul-Sep Oct-Dec Jan-Mar Apr-Jun 2008 2009 2010 2011

22. Neksap Review Expected outputs: • Revision of Indicators and Methodology towards greater relevance, based on consultations with stakeholders at community, district, regional, and central levels; • Streamlining of NeKSAP Food Security Phase Classification and IPC version 2.0; • Synchronization of Monitoring/Reporting with the GoN reporting system;

23. Recommended Indicators Food Consumption food and dietary diversity, food groups) Acute child malnutrition (6-59m), wasting as per the prevalence of Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) Crop production situation Food stock at household level Stock of main staples in key markets (food availabiltiy in the market) Employment opportunities within and neighboring districts Income through sales: NTFP, cash/high value crops, and small enterprise Income: meat, milk, egg, fish, honey Market price of main staple like rice, wheat flour, and others. Remittances Human disease incidence, and epidemics Water supply for drinking, sanitation (ODF) Climatic hazards: floods, landslides, dry spell, snowfall, hailstorm , and strong wind Disaster: Earthquake, fire Out-migration (stress induced) Coping strategies Civil security (social violance, and bandh/blockade)

25. Institutional Arrangements and Flow of Information National-level Strategic Plan; Programming; Budget Allocation NPC Nutrition and Food Security Steering Committee Reporting - Situation Update - Recommendation Secretariat Support NPC Five Year/Interim Plan; Annual Budget Allocation Programme Implementation/ Coordination Agencies NPC Nutrition and Food Security Coordination Committee NPC Nutrition and Food Security Secretariat Programme Implementation Ministries Annual Plan / Budget Allocation • Food Security Technical Donor Coordination Group (e.g. USAID, EU, ECHO, WB, ADB, FAO, WFP, UNICEF) • Nepal Nutrition Group, “NNG” (non-Government nutrition stakeholders) • Food Security Cluster • Nutrition Cluster • Poverty Alleviation Fund Reporting National Technical Coord Committee • Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development; • Ministry of Agriculture and Development • Ministry of Health and Population; • Ministry of Commerce and Supplies; • Ministry of Irrigation; • Ministry of Physical Planning ,Woks; and Transport • Ministry of Women and Social Welfare • Ministry of Home Affairs Secretariat Support MoAD Food Security Monitoring Unit Reporting Reporting Verification/Feedback ProgrammeRequest Budget Allocation NeKSAP District Food Security Network Regional Directorates/Agencies • Chair: CDO; Vice Chair: LDO • Secretariat: DADO • Members • Government Offices including District Livestock Office; District Health Office; Meteorological Office; District Administration Office; District Development Office; District Office of Small Cottage and Industries; NFC, District Education Office; NRCs; District Forest Office; District Soil Conservation Office; Statistics Office • UN/I/NGOs/Donors; • Civil Society including District Chamber of Commerce; Farmers’ Association • Other agencies as relevant and decided by the DFSNs Legend Technical Backstopping/ Coordination Reporting - Situation Update - Recommendations District Council/District Development Committee (DDC) District Periodic Plan; Annual Plan; Budget Allocation Central (policy) Structure Central (technical) Structure (dotted line) Proposed structure District-level Structure

26. Chronic Food Insecurity

27. Chronic food insecurity “Conditions of persistent inability to meet minimum quality and quantity of food consumption requirements as is evident even in the absence of a shock/hazard” IPC V2

29. Piloting Response Analysis

30. FSRA Framework Activities indicated in Red text are not required for immediate FS Response Analysis

31. Deciding Type of FS Response Analysis

32. Lessons Learned • Capacity building at the local level is key to generate commitments for the effectiveness of the FSM system • Stakeholders benefited by the information for decision making– • FS monitoring needs multi-sectoral coordination and support at the national and local level • Time taking process • FS concept not fully understood (only food sufficiency) • Importance of build agencies’ awareness and have them engaged in the process (more than a nice reference table!), • They want to keep monitoring at a “technical level” and have an inclusive structure to do that

33. Any Questions, Comments, Suggestions?

34. Thank You