Kennedy to Johnson

1. Kennedy to Johnson

2. “We have received official confirmation that President Kennedy is dead. I am saddened to have to tell you this grievous news… We have a new President. May God bless our new President and our Nation.” -Dean Rusk (Sec of State)

3. Lyndon B. Johnson Sworn in hours after the assassination of JFK November 22, 1963 Elected on his own in 1964

4. I. President Lyndon Baines Johnson A. 1. LBJ continued the ideas of the Kennedy administration: civil rights, war on poverty, and continued containment 2. Within 8 months, he had achieved his major legislative goals. Journalist Liz Carpenter said, “Kennedy inspired… Johnson delivered.” He had no problems getting legislation passed through Congress.

5. B. In the mid-1960s, the U.S. had the highest standard of living in the world • 1. Michael Harrington—The Other America (1962) wrote that “pockets” of poverty remained in America 2. Harrington claimed that as many as 40 million Americans (1/4 of the population) were poor, and they were in the slums of central cities and rural areas—Appalachia, the Deep South, and Native American reservations

6. II. Election of 1964Johnson v Goldwater

7. A. Johnson used goals of social justice to campaign for the presidency—“The Great Society” was aimed to reach all Americans 1. designed to fight poverty, discrimination, unemployment, pollution, and other social ills of America 2. promised major tax cuts for individuals and corporations

8. B. Goldwater was an outspoken conservative—opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, had lukewarm feelings about Social Security, thought military commanders should be allowed to decide for themselves whether to use nuclear weapons

9. C. Johnson’s wide appeal won him more than 60 % of the popular vote— D. Goldwater carried only Arizona and five Southern states, where “Dixiecrats” switched to the Republican party E. Johnson declared a “war on poverty” and began the Great Society programs.

10. Johnson Wins in 1964

11. III. Specific Problems facing the US A. Industry had done away with jobs B. Small farmers could not compete with agribusiness C. Training was unavailable for new jobs D. Programs did not adequately cover medical expenses for older citizens

12. E. Johnson declared a “War on Poverty” on January 8, 1964: 1. He developed programs to deal with America’s problems such as job corps, neighborhood youth corps, VISTA, Project Head Start, Operation Upward Bound, college work study 2. The programs were well-received because people saw benefits for themselves

13. 3. Medicare- • provided medical care for the old aged under social security • Eliminate poverty, share the abundance, overcome disease

14. 4. Medicaid- • began a joint federal and state program to pay medical bills for low income families and persons • Overcome disease, eliminate poverty

15. 5. Immigration Act, 1965 • ended national origins quota system, admitted immigrants on the basis of family relationships and national needs • Permit life of freedom, eliminate injustice

16. 6. Department Of Housing and Urban Development- • created cabinet-level agency to administer public housing programs, F.H.A., and other federal activity in the field • Revitalize the cities

17. The Civil Rights Movement under Johnson

18. I. Remember Segregation and Integration… A. Segregation is separation by race of class in society. B. Integrationis to join or open to all racial groups or classes.

19. II. Mississippi Freedom Summer Project A. Summer of 1964

20. b. 800 College students from all over the US met to be trained for voter registration in the South by SNCC. c. Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, and Michael Schwerner went missing w/n the 1st couple of days (later found dead). d. The focus of the project was the MS Delta and McComb. e. Edgar Ray Killen convicted in 2005

21. III. Selma Voting Rights March A. March, 1965: MLK led a 54 mile walk from Selma to Montgomery to pressure for voting rights.

22. B. The demonstrators were tear-gassed, clubbed, spat on, whipped, trampled by horses, and jeered by others for demanding the right to register to vote. Television and newspapers carried pictures of the event that became known as "Bloody Sunday." C. As a result, Lyndon B. Johnson urged the passage of the Voting Rights Act; will become law in August of 1965.

23. LEGISLATION: • 24th Amendment- Eliminated the poll tax. • 1965 Voting Rights Act- suspended reading tests and the grandfather clause for black voting. Federal officials came to the south to oversee voting.

24. V. Civil Disobedience during the Civil Rights Movement • NAACP- Attacked Jim Crow laws • Thurgood Marshall toured the south helping African Americans in need of law representation. NAACP representatives toured cities and began local chapters.

25. Jeopardy answer of the day:- first black American appointed to the Supreme Court Question: Who was Thurgood Marshall?

26. C. Martin Luther King, Jr.

27. Death of a hero… 1. April 4, 1968: Memphis Tennessee 2. MLK killed by a sniper’s bullet

28. 3. James Earl Ray: arrested in June of 1968 for killing MLK jr. 4. Sentenced to 99 years in prison; died in 1998. 5. Hinted he was only part of the conspiracy

29. Many African Americans will respond to this tragedy through violence. At the end of a week of rioting, almost 50 were dead!

30. ~Dr. MLK, Jr "Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. Hate multiplies hate, violence multiplies violence and toughness multiplies toughness in a descending spiral of destruction. The chain reaction of evil………must be broken, or we shall be plunged into the dark abyss of annihilation."

31. Results of The Civil Rights Movement: Right to vote • South would never be the same again • Served in politics at all level • Segregation became illegal • Ended an Era • Civil Rights campaigns in the South led by peaceful moderates • Lets go North!

32. VI. Women’s Movement A. Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title VII– • clause protecting women against discrimination in the work place • Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)- govt agency that ensures employers follow these provisions

33. B. National Organization for Women (NOW) • Civil rights group of women for women’s rights formed in June 1966 • Lobbied elected officials to ensure equality for women

34. Nov. 1969- they occupied Alcatraz Island to protest their treatment but were removed • 1968 the American Indian Movement (AIM)was formed; called for a renewal of American Indian culture and recognition of their rights

35. X. Warren Court Decisions • Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963- states must provide lawyers to the accused • Escobedo v. Illinois, 1964- right of accused to have attorney present during questioning • Miranda v. Arizona, 1966- accused must be informed of their rights

36. The 1960’s Counterculture- Hippies!!!