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Body Systems

Body Systems. 7 th grade. Circulatory system. What is the purpose of the system? Describe diffusion. How many chambers does your heart have? http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCimR_P9ID0&NR=1&feature=endscreen&list=PL1F49CAFB721ED2F8

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Body Systems

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  1. Body Systems 7th grade

  2. Circulatory system • What is the purpose of the system? • Describe diffusion. • How many chambers does your heart have? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCimR_P9ID0&NR=1&feature=endscreen&list=PL1F49CAFB721ED2F8 • http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Human+Heart+Structure&view=detail&mid=1E89A0C5BAF7A0191BAC1E89A0C5BAF7A0191BAC&first=41&FORM=NVPFVR • What are the differences between the • Coronary circulation • Pulmonary circulation • Systemic circulation

  3. Describe the difference between • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries

  4. What controls how fast your heart beats? • What is blood pressure? • Describe circulatory diseases • Atherosclerosis • Hypertension • Heat failure • How can you prevent disease?

  5. Blood • The majority of your blood contains? • Plasma- • Red blood cells- • White blood cells

  6. Plasma- mostly water and carries nutrients and waste • Red blood cells- lasts about 120 days and carry oxygen • What is hemoglobin? How is iron involved? • White blood cells- fight infection • More come to help if there is an infection • What creates an immunity? • Platelets- cause blood clotting because they stack irregularly

  7. Some people can not form blood clots easily- this is called? • hemophilia

  8. Blood types • Blood types is based on the antigens a red blood cell has • An antigen is the mother ship and is protected by the antibodies that’s are the destroyers that get rid of the cells that don’t belong. • a,b,ab,o are the blood types • Rh factor- a protein carried by blood • Discuss some blood diseases

  9. Lymphatic system • Used to regulate water and nutrients that are outside of the cells and circulatory system • Also used to help fight infections • Made up of lymph nodes and vessels to carry away waste • Lymph, will eventually be filtered and removed from the body as waste • Why do lymph nodes get swollen? • Diseases of lymphatic system • HIV

  10. Respiratory system • What does it do? • What is it made of? • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Alveoli • Diaphragm

  11. How can you harm it? • Emphysema • What is asthma? • When the bronchial tubes restrict airflow

  12. Excretory system • Made up of? • Skin • Digestive system • Lungs • urinary system

  13. The purpose is to get rid of waste • The urinary system gets rid of water, salts, and metabolic waste • Made up of: • Kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • urethra

  14. Kidneys are made up of lots of small filters called nephrons • They are close to capillaries that allow for diffusion of waste

  15. Can anything happen to urinary system?

  16. Digestive System • Breaks down food • Mechanical digestion- physical breaking of food • Where does this take place? • Chemical digestion- enzymes and acid break down food • Where does this take place? • Starts out mouth- through peristalsis- move into the stomach • Why do we need to make food smaller?

  17. Liver- create bile • Gall bladder- store bile, sends to small intestine • Large intestine- absorb water, vitamins, and minerals • Small intestine- covered in villi, finish digestions, uses enzymes and bile • Appendix- no purpose, used to break down cellulose in primates

  18. Stomach- mechanical and chemical digestion- use hydrochloric acid • Spleen- filter red blood cells and help fight bacterial infections- no digestive purpose • Pancreas- create enzymes that release into small intestine, and regulate insulin and glucagon levels

  19. Bacteria are important • They allow you to absorb vitamins

  20. Bobbly, bouncing, Bones • Create a structure of support • What is bone? • Spongy • compact • What makes them? • What do they start as?

  21. Red vs. yellow marrow • What do you think they make? • Where do you find it? • How is bone made? • Osteoblasts secrete calcium and phosphorus minerals that make bone hard • How are bones held together? • Ligaments- a tough cartilage band that connects bones

  22. Joints- a place where bones meet • Immovable- joints that are fused together • Like the skull and pelvis • Moveable-

  23. Muscle make you strong like bull • Or at least helps you move around a bit. • You have 3 types of muscle • Cardiac- work a long time • Smooth- move food around in your intestines • Skeletal- move your appendages • Skeletal muscles are attached to bone by a tough fibrous tissue called? • Tendons

  24. Which ones do you have control over? • Just skeletal muscles are voluntary • You wouldn't want to have to think about your heart beating as you went to sleep. • Ever thought about why your hungry in the morning? • Cardiac and smooth muscle are known as involuntary • Your skeletal muscles work as a simple machine, like a lever • Ever notice that you can lift more with some muscles, but not others?

  25. How do you get stronger? • How do your muscles really work, can you push a muscle?

  26. Skin is made of 3 layers • Epidermis- outside layer • Contains melanin- a pigment that give your skin color and protection from the sun • Dermis- contain many of the blood and nerve tissues • This is where our hair and sweat come from. • subcutaneous- or fatty layer- the fatty tissue below your skin but above the muscle- this insulates you!

  27. Use your skin to make vitamin D • Also, used for homeostasis • Skin repairs easily • Bruises are caused when blood vessels break • Cuts are easily repaired, just keep them clean and moist.

  28. Are you Nervous? • Made of 2 parts • Central nervous system • Brain and spinal chord • Peripheral nervous system • All the other parts of the body • Somatic system- voluntary actions- walking, singing • autonomic system- heart rate, breathing, digestion • Spine is covered and protected, made of bundles of nerves

  29. Nerve cells- what do they look like? • Connected by synapses that are chemical signals • Neurotransmitters • Impulses will only move 1 direction though neuron • How fast are your reflexes? • They might be slower without this? • 3 types • Motor neurons • Sensory neurons • interneurons

  30. Think your brains are big? • How many sections does it have? • Cerebrum- largest portion- contains your memories and calculates your impulses • Cerebellum- used for maintaining balance and understanding how sounds and vision help balance • Brain stem- keeps you alive • Reflexes- a response that the brain does not receive, only from pain receptor to spin and then the reflex occurs • Keeps you safe and alive • How do drugs play a role in your nervous system?

  31. senses • Eyes- see • Ears- hear • Balance • Nose- smell • Taste • Feel

  32. Endocrine system

  33. Pineal gland, brain- used for sleep regulation • Pituitary gland, brain- body activities, growth • Thyroid, larynx- used to regulate hormones for metabolism, bone supply • Parathyroid- part of thyroid- used for calcium regulation

  34. Thymus, chest- create hormones to make infection fighting cells • Adrenal glands-, kidney- create hormones to help adapt to situations and sugar levels • Pancreas- blood sugar regulation • ovaries, pelvis- create female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone and regulate ovulation and female characteristics • Testes, scrotum- make male sex hormone testosterone that controls sperm production and development of male traits

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