ABO blood typing(1)

1. ABO blood typing(1) Hu li-ping(胡利平) Forensic Medicine Dept.

2. Outline Part one Introduction Part two ABO blood type Part three Experiment operation for ABO typing

3. Blood groups Part one Introduction • The genetic differences of blood are called blood groups. RBCs group WBCs group Serological type

4. The genetic differences of RBCs are called RBCs groups. ABO group Rh. MN. P. lewis.kidd

5. Whole Blood

6. Composition of Blood • Plasma: Fluid component • Water (90%) • plasma proteins • Other solutes • Formed elements: Cells and fragments • RBCs • WBCs • Platelets

7. In Plasma,there are some useful antibodiesin forensic application or medical application . such as anti-A,anti-B • On the surface of RBCs,there are many antigens, such as A,B.

8. Blood Typing • Antigens • Surface of red blood cells • Responsible for blood-type characteristics • More than 15 blood antigen systems are identified • ABO, Rh systems are the most important

9. Antibodies • In the plasma • Responsible for blood-type characteristics at the same time

10. History ---- In 1900,Karl Landsteiner found 4 different kinds of blood –A,B,AB and O(A-B-O system). ----A few years later, starting around 1937, a series of antigen-antibody reactions were discovered in blood, the most common ones being ABH, MN, Rh, and Gm (over 100 antigens exist). 

11. Part two ABO blood type

12. Average Percents… • Type O—46% • Type A—40% • Type B—10% • Type AB—4%

13. 4 blood types

14. ABO Antigens and Antibodies

15. Homologous Chromosomes Genes From Father From Mother Diploid = Two copies of each type of chromosome Loci = Physical position of a gene on a chromosome Allele = Alternate forms of a gene: Alleles have the same position (locus) on a pair of homologous chromosomes

16. ABO TYPE

17. + Father A Mother B Child ?

18. A O B B A B B O Child1 Child2

19. Other Examples

20. Part three —Detecting ABO blood groups (1) Experimental purposes (2) Experiment principle (3) Experimental procedures

21. Experimental purposes ------to grasp the method of ABO blood tpying -----To be familiar with agglutination reactions of RBCs and judge the agglutination result.

22. Experiment principleof Blood Typing Antigen –antibody reactions Specific antigen on the surface of blood and serum antibody in the plazma can particularly combine and cause agglutination reactions.

23. ABO Blood Typing Antigen –antibody agglutination reactions

25. Experimental procedures Take fingertip blood agglutination reactions judgement of results

26. to be prepared - Mark B A With saline

27. Collect blood Sterilize Pierce Squeeze

28. Mix up 2 drops blood RBCs suspension saline 2 drops blood A B

29. anti -B anti -A 2 drops Mix A B A tube B tube

30. A B Whether agglutination Place in a room temperature for 15mins

31. Agglutination is positive.（+） • No agglutination is negative.（--）

32. Results - ABO Positive typing

33. Experiment contents To test the two unknown samples x1 x2

34. x1 x2 Anti-A Anti-B Anti-A Anti-B

36. Mix up Place in a room temperature for 15min x1 x2 Anti-A Anti-B Anti-A Anti-B

37. Test report (1) Experimental purposes (2) Experiment principle (3) Experimental procedures (4) Experimental results (5) Experimental analysis

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