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Pronouns and UNUS NAUTA Adjectives

Pronouns and UNUS NAUTA Adjectives. Week 5 Review. In Latin, just as in English, Pronouns stand in the place of nouns. Pronouns in Latin have 3 characteristics: gender , number , and case . Latin pronouns decline similar to nouns to exhibit their gender , number , and case .

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Pronouns and UNUS NAUTA Adjectives

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  1. Pronouns and UNUS NAUTA Adjectives Week 5 Review

  2. In Latin, just as in English, Pronouns stand in the place of nouns. • Pronouns in Latin have 3 characteristics: gender, number, and case. • Latin pronouns decline similar to nouns to exhibit their gender, number, and case. • Most Latin pronouns roughly follow the 2-1-2 declension pattern, but they also use unique genitive (-ius) and dative singular (-i) endings. • I like to think of this as a separate “Pronoun Declension” that uses 2-1-2 declension endings with the addition of the gen. (-ius) and dative sing. (-i). • The gender and number of pronouns agree the with the nouns that they replace. The case of pronouns will change based upon their syntactical use in a sentence. • Most pronouns in Latin can also be used as adjectives, if they modify a noun that is present instead of simply replacing it. Pronouns

  3. The Demonstrative pronouns (can also be adjectives) are used to ‘point’ to things – “this”, “that”, “these”, “those”. • They follow the standard pronoun decl. pattern (2-1-2 + -ius, -i) ille, illa, illud – “that”, “those” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. ille illīus illī illum illō illī illōrum illīs illōs illīs Fem. illa illīus illī illam illā illae illārum illīs illās illīs Neut. illud illīus illī illud illō illa illōrum illīs illa illīs Summary of Endings: -e / -a / -ud -īus / -īus / -īus -ī / -ī / -ī -um /-am/-ud -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -a -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -īs / -īs / -īs -ōs / -ās / -a -īs / -īs / -īs Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)

  4. The demonstrative pronoun (and adjective) iste, ista, istud is used to ‘point’ to things with a distinctly negative connotation. • It follows the pronoun decl. pattern (2-1-2 + -ius, -i) like ille exactly. iste, ista, istlud – “that”, “those”, “that (grr!)…” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. iste istīus istī istum istō istī istōrum istīs istōs istīs Fem. ista istīus istī istam istā istae istārum istīs istās istīs Neut. istud istīus istī istud istō ista istōrum istīs ista istīs Summary of Endings: -e / -a / -ud -īus / -īus / -īus -ī / -ī / -ī -um /-am/-ud -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -a -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -īs / -īs / -īs -ōs / -ās / -a -īs / -īs / -īs Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)

  5. The Demonstrative pronoun hic, haec, hoc (“this”, “these”) combines the stem “h-” + ending + “-c” (a deictic marker used for pointing) in some cases. • When this “-c” marker runs up against certain endings like “-a” or “-m” various linguistic changes will happen. [“-a” + “-c” -> “-aec” ; “-m” + “-c” -> “-nc”] • Otherwise, it follows the standard pronoun decl. pattern (2-1-2 + -ius, -i) hic, haec, hoc – “this”, “these” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. hic huīus huīc hunc hōc hī hōrum hīs hōs hīs Fem. haec huīus huīc hanc hāc hae hārum hīs hās hīs Neut. hoc huīus huīc hoc hōc haec hōrum hīs haec hīs Summary of Endings: Ø / -a / Ø -īus / -īus / -īus -ī / -ī / -ī -um /-am/ Ø -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -a -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -īs / -īs / -īs -ōs / -ās / -a -īs / -īs / -īs Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)

  6. The Demonstrative pronoun and adjective is, ea, id (“this”, “these”, etc.) serves as both demonstrative and the 3rd person personal pronoun (“he”, “she”, “it”, “they”) • The stem is really an “i-”, but it will weaken to an “e-” up against most vowels, hence the stem here looks like it’s an “e-” because of all the vowels in the endings. is, ea, id – “this”, “that”, “these”, “he”, “she”, “it”, “they”, etc. (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. is eīus eī eum eō eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs Fem. ea eīus eī eam eā eae eārum eīs eās eīs Neut. id eīus eī id eō ea eōrum eīs ea eīs Summary of Endings: Ø / -a / Ø -īus / -īus / -īus -ī / -ī / -ī -um /-am/ Ø -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -a -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -īs / -īs / -īs -ōs / -ās / -a -īs / -īs / -īs Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)

  7. The Demonstrative pronoun and adjective īdem, eadem, idem (“the same”) is a combination of is, ea, id + “-dem” (another deictic marker) • When the “-dem” comes up against an “-m”, it will produce “-ndem”; similarly, the “s” in “is” will drop and the short “i” will lengthen to compensate -> īdem īdem, eadem, idem – “the same” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. īdem eīusdem eīdem eundem eōdem eīdem eōrundem eīsdem eōsdem eīsdem Fem. eadem eīusdem eīdem eandem eādem eaedem eārundem eīsdem eāsdem eīsdem Neut. idem eīusdem eīdem idem eōdem eadem eōrundem eīsdem eadem eīsdem Summary of Endings: Ø / -a / Ø -īus / -īus / -īus -ī / -ī / -ī -um /-am/ Ø -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -a -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -īs / -īs / -īs -ōs / -ās / -a -īs / -īs / -īs Demonstrative Pronouns (and Adj.)

  8. The Intensive pronoun ipse, ipsa, ipsum(“___self”) strengthens whatever it modifies. • Thus, when it modifies some 3rd person item, it will translate as “himself”, “herself”, “itself”, “themselves”; if it modifies a 1st person item it will be: “myself”, “ourselves”; if it modifies a second person item it will be: “yourself”, “yourselves”. • It follows the standard pronoun decl. pattern (2-1-2 + -ius, -i) likeille, illa, illud ipse, ipsa, ipsum – “____self” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. ipse ipsīus ipsī ipsum ipsō ipsī ipsōrum ipsīs ipsōs ipsīs Fem. ipsa ipsīus ipsī ipsam ipsā ipsae ipsārum ipsīs ipsās ipsīs Neut. ipsum ipsīus ipsī ipsum ipsō ipsa ipsōrum ipsīs ipsa ipsīs Summary of Endings: -e / -a / -um -īus / -īus / -īus -ī / -ī / -ī -um /-am/-um -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -a -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -īs / -īs / -īs -ōs / -ās / -a -īs / -īs / -īs Intensive Pronoun

  9. The personal pronouns stand in place of people (“I”, “me”, “you”, “we”, “us”, “y’all”, etc.) • As noted above, the demonstrativeis, ea, id is used for the third person personal pronoun; here we’ll cover only the 1st and 2nd person personal pronouns. ego, meī – “I”, “me” tū, tuī – “you” nos, nostrum – “we”, “us” vōs, vestrum – “you (pl.)”, “y’all” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. 1st Person ego meī mihi mē mē nōs nostrum/nostrī nobis nōs nobis 2nd Person tū tuī tibi tē tē vōs vestrum/vestrī vobis vōs vobis Personal Pronouns

  10. Reflexive pronouns stand in place of nouns, but ALWAYS refer back to the SUBJECT of the sentence. • As such, they only exist in the oblique cases (i.e., all cases other than the nom.) • For the 1stand 2nd pers. reflexive pron., the same forms as the personal pronouns are used. • For the 3rd person reflexive pronouns, a new pronoun (“suī, sibi, sē, sē”) is used. (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. 1st Person --- meī mihi mē mē --- nostrī nōbīs nōs nōbīs 2nd Person --- tuī tibi tē tē --- vestrī vōbīs vōs vōbīs 3rd Person ---- suī sibi sē sē --- suī sibi sē sē Reflexive Pronouns

  11. The Relative pronoun quī, quae, quod (“who”, “which”, “that”) begins a new clause that relates back to an item in another clause in the sentence. • The relative pron. will take the gender and number of the noun it relates back to, while the relative pron. will have its own case, based on its syntactical use in the relative clause. • The relative pronoun is also used as the interrogative adjective (“who”, “what”) quī, quae, quod – “who”, “which”, “that” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. quī cuius cui quem quō quī quōrum quibus quōs quibus Fem. quae cuius cui quam quā quae quārum quibus quās quibus Neut. quod cuius cui quod quō quae quōrum quibus quae quibus Summary of Endings: -ī / -ae / -od -ius / -ius / -ius -i / -i / -i -em /-am/ -od -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -ae -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -ibus / -ibus / -ibus -ōs / -ās / -ae -ibus / -ibus / -ibus Relative Pronoun

  12. The Interrogative pronoun quis, quid (“who”, “whose”, “whom”, “what”, “which”) asks for the identity of a person or thing. • The masculineandfeminine singular forms are the same in the singular. • The plural forms of the interrogative pronoun are identical to the relative pronoun quis, quid – “who”, “whose”, “whom”, “what”, “which” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. quis cuius cui quem quō quī quōrum quibus quōs quibus Fem. quis cuius cui quem quō quae quārum quibus quās quibus Neut. quid cuius cui quid quō quae quōrum quibus quae quibus Summary of Endings: -is / -is / -id -ius / -ius / -ius -i / -i / -i -em /-em/ -id -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -ae -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -ibus / -ibus / -ibus -ōs / -ās / -ae -ibus / -ibus / -ibus Interrogative Pronoun

  13. A special set of adjectives (often called UNUS NAUTA) follow the pronoun declension pattern: mostly like 2-1-2 adjectives,but they use an “-ius” gen. sing. and an “-i” dat. sing. endings like the pronouns. • Other than having irregular forms, they function as normal adjectives. • UNUS NAUTA is an acronymic mnemonic device to help you remember these 9 adjectives: • ūnus, -a, -um • nūllus, -a, -um • ūllus, -a, -um • sōlus, -a, -um • neuter, neutra, neutrum • alius, -a, -ud • uter, utra, utrum • tōtus, -a, -um • alter, altera, alterum U N U S N A U T A You will definitely want to learn to recognize these adjectives when you see them to help you remember the irregular forms. The next slide will allow you to practice declining one of these adjectives, but note that you should be able to decline them all following the same pattern. UNUS NAUTA Adjectives

  14. A special set of adjectives (often called UNUS NAUTA) follow the pronoun declension pattern: mostly 2-1-2,but use an “-ius” gen. sing. and an “-i” dat. sing. • Other than the irregular forms, they function as normal adjectives. sōlus, -a, -um – “alone”, “only” (sing.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. (plur.) NOM. GEN. DAT. ACC. ABL. Masc. sōlus sōlīus sōlī sōlum sōlō sōlī sōlōrum sōlīs sōlōs sōlīs Fem. sōla sōlīus sōlī sōlam sōlā sōlae sōlārum sōlīs sōlās sōlīs Neut. sōlum sōlīus sōlī sōlum sōlō sōla sōlōrum sōlīs sōla sōlīs Summary of Endings: -us / -a / -um -īus / -īus / -īus -ī / -ī / -ī -um /-am/-um -ō / -ā / -ō -ī / -ae / -a -ōrum /-ārum /-ōrum -īs / -īs / -īs -ōs / -ās / -a -īs / -īs / -īs UNUS NAUTA Adjectives

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