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Ecosystems & Communities

Ecosystems & Communities. Organisms & the Environment. Every organism affects its environment, & in turn is affected by its environment. Remember! Communities & the environment they live in make up an ecosystem. So, ecosystems are affected by 2 types of factors:

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Ecosystems & Communities

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  1. Ecosystems & Communities

  2. Organisms & the Environment • Every organism affects its environment, & in turn is affected by its environment. • Remember! Communities & the environment they live in make up an ecosystem. So, ecosystems are affected by 2 types of factors: • Abiotic Factors: nonliving (temperature, soil, etc.) • Biotic Factors: living

  3. The Role of Climate in an Ecosystem • Weather: day-to-day conditions of the Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time & place • Temperature • Wind • Precipitation • Humidity • Weather Patterns

  4. The Role of Climate in an Ecosystem • Climate: the average conditions in a region over several decades • Affects the soil, vegetation, etc. • Described by temperature & precipitation

  5. The Role of Climate in an Ecosystem • Temperature is determined by latitude/angle of sunlight.

  6. The Role of Climate • Polar: 90-66.5 degrees N or S (within the Arctic & Antarctic circles) • Temperate: from the lines of Tropic of Cancer & Capricorn to 66.5 degrees N or S • Tropical: between the Tropic of Cancer & Capricorn

  7. Other Factors of Weather & Climate • Upwelling: flow of denser cold water from the poles parallel to the ocean bottom & eventually rising in warmer regions Winds along the equator (dotted line) create currents, which are then diverted north & south. The cold, deep waters from below rise to the surface to replace these diverted waters, causing upwelling.

  8. Other Factors of Weather & Climate • Greenhouse Effect: the natural situation in which heat is retained by greenhouse gases (CO2, methane, water vapor, etc.) • If these gases were not present, the Earth would be 30 degrees Celsius cooler & unlivable!

  9. Biomes • A collection of ecosystems with the same climate & dominant communities • Aquatic: in water • Terrestrial: on land Tundra Desert

  10. Aquatic Biomes • Photic Zone: where light penetrates (shallow water) • Aphotic Zone: no light (deep water) • Estuary: where fresh & salt water meet (end of a river) • Tidal Zone: beach front

  11. Photic Zone • Aphotic Zone • Estuary • Tidal Zone Photic Zone!

  12. Photic Zone • Aphotic Zone • Estuary • Tidal Zone Aphotic Zone!

  13. Photic Zone • Aphotic Zone • Estuary • Tidal Zone Estuary!

  14. Photic Zone • Aphotic Zone • Estuary • Tidal Zone Tidal Zone! They can go from low tide to high tide!

  15. Tropical Rainforest

  16. Tropical Dry Forest

  17. Tropical Savanna

  18. Desert

  19. Temperate Grasslands

  20. Temperate Woodland & Shrubland

  21. Temperate Forest

  22. Coniferous Forest

  23. Taiga/Boreal Forest

  24. Tundra

  25. Hmm… What types of species do you think live in the grasslands? What types of adaptations are necessary for living in the desert? The rainforest?

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