The Role of Behaviour Change in Reducing CO 2 Emissions Liz Ampt Sinclair Knight Merz, Adelaide

1. The Role of Behaviour Change in Reducing CO2 EmissionsLiz AmptSinclair Knight Merz, Adelaide Written while at Steer Davies Gleave

2. In the beginning…____________________________________

3. Supply management

4. Demand management

5. Supply Management • Growth in demand for utilities or services • More supplied • Roads • Energy • Water • Space for waste • Worked well while there were supplies • Still needed to some extent

6. Demand management • Changes to reduce the negative impact of a utility or service, without construction of major infrastructure • Can be designed to • Reduce the peak load/demand • Cut the peak load/demand • Cut the total load/demand

7. Demand management • 5 main approaches • Regulation • Pricing • Technological changes • Education and awareness • Minor infrastructure • All of these are external to the individual – top down • Value is in relatively immediate effect • Problem can be in longevity of change

8. Behaviour change • People changing because of personal knowledge or understanding • 2 main approaches • Both originally at a community level • Now converted to an individual level • Social marketing - knowledge • Community development approach- knowledge + understanding

9. Government/community's problems People assist in congestion, emissions, reliance tell people solving problem on car etc. issues Tends to need Describes external incentives problem in terms of its community effects Social Marketing

10. Government/community's People's problems Describes problems problem in terms of its personal effects congestion, emissions, reliance costs too much, no on car etc. time for myself, etc. Person solves own problem At the same time, solve community problems Self-sustaining Community Development

11. Social marketing • Offering individuals information and materials that will make change easier, e.g. • Timetables • Low flow shower heads • +ve: gives more wide-spread knowledge • -ve: generally little regard for fitting in with lifestyles/ abilities

12. Community development • A conversation to consider which changes are best for the person and household • +ve: - changes fit lifestyle - changes likely to be self-sustaining - people can work out extra changes - people can diffuse the message • -ve: takes more time and cost in short term

13. Introduction Conversation process Establishment : Last time in car and didn’t want to be? Hassles getting around town ? Conversation Resources to assist change Action Plan Resources sent and behaviour change

14. Unexpected community benefits • Social benefits • Get to know other people • Self-organised change • Economic development benefits • Shop locally • Health outcomes in transport • Weight loss

15. Behaviour change – community development • Works because it begins with the individual • The changes fit around their lives • Because the individual understands the principles • They can describe (reinforcement) the changes to others (diffusion) • There is less need for incentives • Ideal to add value to top-down demand management