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Climate & Biomes

Climate & Biomes. Chapter 15. Objectives. Be able to describe biome Discuss factors that result in the different biomes Be able to distinguish between different biomes Be able to give examples of organisms living in different biomes. Global and Regional Climate.

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Climate & Biomes

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  1. Climate & Biomes Chapter 15

  2. Objectives • Be able to describe biome • Discuss factors that result in the different biomes • Be able to distinguish between different biomes • Be able to give examples of organisms living in different biomes

  3. Global and Regional Climate • Climate is the average weather of a place as measured over many years • Temperature and rainfall are two principle factors that define the climate of an area • Temperature is largely dependent on the amount of sunlight (energy) received over the year • Rainfall is also influenced by solar irradiance, as well as, wind patterns

  4. Biomes • Biomes are areas of markedly different vegetation types owing to differences in climate • As plants are autotrophs in most foodwebs, different biomes typically support different types of inhabitants

  5. Terrestrial Biomes • Four types of terrestrial biomes exist • Forest- dominated by trees • Grassland- dominated by grasses • Desert- defined by lack of rainfall (<20”) • Tundra- defined by cold temperatures typically with a very short growing season

  6. Tropical - hot & wet Temperate - warm & moist Boreal- cool and moist Forest

  7. Precipitation limits the growth of large trees Savanna - tropical grassland Prairie – tall grasses in temperate regions Steppes – short grasses in temperate regions Grassland

  8. Desert • Extremely hot with minimal water • Most plants are adapted for water conservation and utilize C4 or CAM photosynthesis • Many plants have a yearly lifecycle

  9. Tundra • Cold temperatures due to latitude or altitude limit soil depth to a few inches • Short plants such as moss abound

  10. Aquatic Biomes • Freshwater- low concentration of salts in the water <0.1% (1o/oo) • Saltwater- high concentration of salts (up to ~3.5% (35o/oo)

  11. Freshwater • Lakes and ponds – bodies of inland water • Rivers and streams – flowing bodies of water • Wetlands – areas of standing water that support emergent vegetation

  12. Saltwater • Oceans – deep bodies of water that separate the continents, many zones • Coral reefs – composed of the skeletons of coral animals, these areas are an oasis for marine life. Symbiotic algae provide photosynthetic food • Estuaries – most productive zones; where freshwater and marine ecosystems meet

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