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Tide gauge stations: requirements, status, and issues

Tide gauge stations: requirements, status, and issues. Mark Merrifield University of Hawaii Sea Level Center. Requirements: Understanding sea-level rise and variability , WCRP workshop, Paris, 2006. Continued maintenance and enhancement of the global tide-gauge network is essential.

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Tide gauge stations: requirements, status, and issues

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  1. Tide gauge stations: requirements, status, and issues Mark Merrifield University of Hawaii Sea Level Center

  2. Requirements: Understanding sea-level rise and variability, WCRP workshop, Paris, 2006 • Continued maintenance and enhancement of the global tide-gauge network is essential. • The GLOSS Core Network (GCN) and the GCOS Climate subset of that network provide the blueprint for future network development. • Address the land-motion problem at the tide gauges. Complement GIA model estimates with direct geodetic measurements at each site. ….placing all of these measurements into a consistent, high-quality global reference frame...

  3. GLOSS Core Network Part of JCOMM Observations Programme Area (OPA) Coordinated by IOC GLOSS Group of Experts 290 stations covering most major island groups and ~1000 km sections of continental coastline Delayed mode data: BODC/PSMSL Fast delivery data: QC’dat 4 week intervals, UHSLC Near real-time data: 5-15 min transmissions, VLIZ GPS at Tide Gauges: TIGA, Potsdam, La Rochelle

  4. GCOS sea level network • 180 station subset of GLOSS for climate monitoring and research • Priority on long climate records, even global distribution • Geodetic land motion measurements at each station

  5. Status of GLOSS Core Network • Active stations 79% • Near real-time • Fast Delivery • GPS/DORIS

  6. Status of GLOSS Core Network • Active stations 79% • Near real-time 60% • Fast Delivery • GPS/DORIS

  7. Status of GLOSS Core Network • Active stations 79% • Near real-time 60% • Fast Delivery 69% • GPS/DORIS

  8. Status of GLOSS Core Network • Active stations 79% • Near real-time 60% • Fast Delivery 69% • GPS/DORIS 48%

  9. Status of GCOS Network • Active stations 85% • Near real-time • Fast Delivery • GPS/DORIS

  10. Status of GCOS Network • Active stations 85% • Near real-time 64% • Fast Delivery • GPS/DORIS

  11. Status of GCOS Network • Active stations 85% • Near real-time 64% • Fast Delivery 71% • GPS/DORIS

  12. Status of GCOS Network • Active stations 85% • Near real-time 64% • Fast Delivery 71% • GPS/DORIS 57%

  13. GCOS Network Issues • Active stations 85% • 90% after upcoming tsunami upgrades in Pacific, Caribbean, Central, and South America • Reevaluate station list • Fast Delivery 71% • 22 stations (12%) in China, India, Russia, Cuba • Reevaluate station list • GPS/DORIS 57% • GLOSS workshop (May 2009) on GPS@TG, call for coordinated, international project to install 50-100 new GPS stations, delayed mode processing centers, consistent global reference frame • Seeking $3-5 M for initial installation

  14. Global and regional sea level trends from tide gauges • Global sea level rise

  15. Global sea-level rise reconstructions from tide gauges Merrifield et al. (2009)

  16. Recent increase in sea-level rise and decadal variability • Regional sea level patterns

  17. Sea-level rise and the western tropical Pacific

  18. Tide gauge observations in the western tropical Pacific

  19. Anomalous rate change since the 1990s

  20. Pacific sea-level rise and increasing Trade Winds

  21. Surface wind trends From ESRL/PSD product “A shift in Pacific sea level trends since the 1990s” Merrifield (2010), submitted to J. Clim.

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