The Conservative Tide

1. CHAPTER The Conservative Tide 33 Overview Time Lines 1 A Conservative Movement Emerges SECTION 2 Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush SECTION 3 American Society in a Conservative Age SECTION 4 Changes in America’s Foreign Policy SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 33 Women In America Civil Rights Cultural Diversity Constitutional Concerns CHAPTER The Conservative Tide 33 HOME “In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem.” President Ronald Reagan, first inaugural address, 1981

3. What do you know? • What does the phrase “conservative tide” mean to you? • Read the quote above and answer the following: • How would you paraphrase the quotation? • How does the quotation help you understand what a conservative believes? CHAPTER The Conservative Tide 33 HOME “In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem.” President Ronald Reagan, first inaugural address, 1981

4. 1981 Sandra Day O’Connor is appointed to the Supreme Court. President Reagan is shot. Iran frees U.S. hostages. 1982Equal Rights Amendment fails to win ratification. 1986The space shuttle Challenger explodes. Iran arms deal is exposed. 1987The U.S. and USSR sign Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. 1990The U.S. sends troops to defend Saudi Arabia from Iraq. 1991The Persian Gulf War breaks out. CHAPTER Time Line 33 HOME The United States

5. 1980Zimbabwe claims independence. 1989Chinese troops kill student dissidents in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. Germans dismantle the Berlin Wall. 1982Great Britain and Argentina go to war over the Falkland Islands. 1986In Russia, Chernobyl nuclear power plant emits radioactive material into the atmosphere. 1990Communist governments fall in Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Hungary. 1991The Soviet Union breaks up. Yugoslavia dissolves in civil war. CHAPTER Time Line 33 HOME The World

6. Learn About the conservative movement that swept the country. To Understand how conservatism changed American politics and led to the elections of Presidents Reagan and Bush. SECTION 1 A Conservative Movement Emerges HOME

7. SECTION 1 A Conservative Movement Emerges HOME Key Idea The new conservatism begins with the defeat of Barry Goldwater in 1964 and triumphs with the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980.

8. reduce entitlementprograms strengthen national defense reduce taxes end affirmative action Conservative Issues allow school prayer cut back government defeat the ERA end busing outlaw abortion stop regulating guns SECTION 1 A Conservative Movement Emerges HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What are some of the issues that conservatives believed in strongly?

9. ANALYZING MOTIVES How did the leaders of the conservative movement of the 1980s want to change government? THINK ABOUT • the conservative view of government compared to the liberal view • the groups that made up the conservative coalition • how those changes would affect existing government programs SECTION 1 A Conservative Movement Emerges HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. SYNTHESIZING Who were the main groups that made up the conservative coalition and why did Ronald Reagan appeal to them? THINK ABOUT • their economic beliefs • their political beliefs • their religious beliefs SECTION 1 A Conservative Movement Emerges HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the programs of Presidents Reagan and Bush. To Understand how the conservative philosophy changed government policies and priorities. SECTION 2 Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush HOME

12. SECTION 2 Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush HOME Key Idea President Reagan puts in place conservative policies concerning the nation’s budget and federal government.

13. Definition of Reaganomics: Reagan’s economic policies advocated large tax cuts to increase privateinvestments, leading to an increase in the nation’s supply of goods and services. Short-Term Effects Interest rates fell, stocks soared, inflation dropped, the economy grew. Long-Term Effects Increased national debt, budget deficit, trade imbalance, higher taxes. SECTION 2 Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were the short-term and long-term effects of Reaganomics?

14. ANALYZING MOTIVES Why did Presidents Reagan and Bush think it was important to appoint more conservative justices to the Supreme Court? THINK ABOUT • the impact that the Supreme Court has on the nation’s laws • rulings that the Court made on social issues in the late 1980s and early 1990s SECTION 2 Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. FORMING OPINIONS In your opinion, was deregulation generally good or bad for the country, or a mixture of both? THINK ABOUT • the effect of deregulating the savings and loan industry • the effect of cutting back on environmental regulations • the effect of deregulation on the airline industry and other businesses SECTION 2 Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About the social and economic changes that occurred in society during the presidencies of Reagan and Bush. To Understand the effects of the new conservative movement in American politics. SECTION 3 American Society in a Conservative Age HOME

17. SECTION 3 American Society in a Conservative Age HOME Key Idea Social issues of many kinds continue to concern the nation during the conservative backlash.

18. SUMMARIZING What were some of the social issues of the Reagan and Bush years? How did the government respond to them? Social Problem Government Response abortion drug abuse low student test scores urban crisis equal rights for women equal rights for minorities SECTION 3 American Society in a Conservative Age HOME 33 Section Assessment Supreme Court restricted access “Just Say No!” campaign “America 2000” education initiative reduced federal spending on cities federal government cut budget for day care and cut AFDC;some states offered pay equity Supreme Court reversed affirmative action

19. SYNTHESIZING How might improvements in the educational system affect other social problems? THINK ABOUT • the impact education might have on health-related problems • the impact education might have on urban problems SECTION 3 American Society in a Conservative Age HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. COMPARING Compare the political gains and losses experienced by various groups during the Reagan and Bush administrations. THINK ABOUT • the experiences of women • the experiences of African Americans • the experiences of Latinos • the experiences of other minorities SECTION 3 American Society in a Conservative Age HOME 33 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the end of the Cold War and the emergence of a global economy. To Understand America’s search for a new world role. SECTION 4 Changes in America’s Foreign Policy HOME

22. SECTION 4 Changes in America’s Foreign Policy HOME Key Idea Major changes throughout the world have a great impact on the direction of U.S. foreign policy.

23. SUMMARIZING What was U.S. foreign policy in Europe, Central America and the Caribbean, and the Middle East? U.S. Foreign Policy Europe Central America and the Caribbean Middle East SECTION 4 Changes in America’s Foreign Policy HOME 4 Section Assessment INF Treaty, START II treaty, announced end of Cold War, encouraged spread of democracy Cut aid to Sandinistas, sent secret aid to the Contras, invaded Grenada, seized Noriega Secretly sold Iran weapons, Operation Desert Storm

24. RECOGNIZING CAUSES What factors caused the end of the Cold War? THINK ABOUT • events in the Soviet Union • events in Germany and Eastern Europe • how U.S. leaders responded to those events SECTION 4 Changes in America’s Foreign Policy HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. ANALYZING What factors do you think determined whether or not the United States intervened militarily in other nations? THINK ABOUT • economic factors • geographic factors • political factors SECTION 4 Changes in America’s Foreign Policy HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 33 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. Briefly explain what brought about the conservative backlash of the 1980s. 2. What factors led to Ronald Reagan’s victory in 1980? 3. What were the three economic tactics that formed the basis of Reaganomics? 4. How did Reagan’s Supreme Court appointments affect the philosophy of the Court? 5. What is deregulation and how did it affect certain industries in the 1980s?

27. 33 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. What progress and obstacles did different minority groups experience in the 1980s? 7. What were some gains that women achieved as a result of the equal rights struggle of the 1980s? 8. What caused the downfall of the Soviet Union and the founding of the Commonwealth of Independent States? 9. What was the Iran-Contra scandal and how did it pit presidential power against congressional power? 10. Summarize the U.S. response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.