Lesson Objectives: Chapter 21: Section 1 - Taking on Segregation

1. Standard Addressed: 11.10 Students analyze the development of federal civil rights and voting rights. Lesson Objectives: Chapter 21: Section 1 - Taking on Segregation 1. Explain how legalized segregation deprived African Americans of their rights as citizens. 2. Summarize civil rights legal activity and the response to the Plessy and Brown cases. 3. Trace Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, civil rights activities, beginning with the Montgomery Bus Boycott. 4. Describe the expansion of the civil rights movement. CH 21-SEC 1

2. QUIZ! Fill in your ID NUMBER! First & Last Name CH-21-1

3. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

4. Civil Rights NEXT

5. Civil Rights

6. Section 1 Taking on Segregation Activism and a series of Supreme Court decisions advance equal rights for African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s. NEXT

7. The Segregation System • Plessy v. Ferguson • Civil Rights Act of 1875 act outlawed segregation • In 1883, all-white Supreme Court declares Act unconstitutional • 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling: separate but equal constitutional Continued . . . NEXT

8. Plessy v. Ferguson • Facilities for blacks always inferior to those for whites

9. Plessy v. Ferguson • Many states pass Jim Crow laws separating the races

10. A – What were the effects of the Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson? The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was not unconstitutional, Southern states, passed segregationist Jim Crow laws. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

11. Guided Reading:

12. “Injustice anywhere is an injustice everywhere” MLK

13. http://forhumanliberation.blogspot.com/2015/02/1743-american-history-lynching-of.htmlhttp://forhumanliberation.blogspot.com/2015/02/1743-american-history-lynching-of.html • From 1848 to 1928, mobs murdered thousands of Mexicans, though surviving records allowed us to clearly document only about 547 cases. These lynchings occurred not only in the southwestern states of Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas, but also in states far from the border, like Nebraska and Wyoming.

14. From the 1890s onwards, the majority of those lynched were black, including at least 159 women. • Between 1882 and 1968, the Tuskegee Institute recorded 1,297 lynchings of whites and 3,446 lynchings of blacks. • However, lynchings of members of other ethnic groups, such as Mexicans and Chinese, have been shown to have been undercounted in the Tuskegee Institute's records. • One of the largest mass lynchings in American history arose in 1891, when a mob lynched eleven Italian immigrants in New Orleans, Louisiana, following their acquittal on charges of killing of the local police chief.

15. Guided Reading: Guided Reading:

16. Segregation Continues into the 20th Century • After Civil War, African Americans go north to escape racism • North: housing in all-black areas, whites resent job competition NEXT

17. SEGREGATION

18. A Developing Civil Rights Movement • Need for fighting men makes armed forces end discriminatory policies • Returning black veterans fight for civil rights at home NEXT

19. Congress of Racial Equality – CORE – worked to end segregation and discrimination

20. WW II creates job opportunities for African Americans • FDR ends government, war industries discrimination

21. B – How did events during World War II lay the groundwork for African Americans to fight for civil rights in the 1950s? Blacks had experienced better job opportunities; Many veterans who had fought racist Germans wanted to resist racist Americans; Civil rights groups had staged some successful protest. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

22. Guided Reading: Guided Reading:

23. Challenging Segregation in Court • The NAACP Legal Strategy • Professor Charles Hamilton Houston leads NAACP legal campaign • Focuses on most glaring inequalities of segregated public education • Places team of law students under Thurgood Marshall • - win 29 out of 32 cases argued before Supreme Court NEXT

24. Challenging Segregation in Court • Brown v. Board of Education • Marshall’s greatest victory is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka • In 1954 case, Court unanimously strikes down school segregation NEXT

25. The Supreme Court NEXT

26. C – How did the Brown decision affect schools outside of Topeka? Brown said that segregation has no place in public education, so all public school must desegregate. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

27. Guided Reading: Guided Reading:

29. Segregation: in busses blacks had to ride in the back and had to give up their seat to whites, also could not sit next to whites

30. The Montgomery Bus Boycott • Boycotting Segregation • 1955 NAACP officer Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up seat on bus • Montgomery Improvement Association formed, organizes bus boycott • Elect 26-year-old Baptist pastor Martin Luther King, Jr. leader NEXT

31. The Montgomery Bus Boycott • Walking for Justice • African Americans file lawsuit, boycott buses, use carpools, walk • Get support from black community, outside groups, sympathetic whites • 1956, Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation NEXT

32. F – Why was Rosa Park’s action on December 1, 1955 significant? Parks’ refusal to yield her seat to a white man led to a boycott; It also brought Martin Luther King Jr. to prominence. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

33. Guided Reading: Guided Reading:

34. Resistance to School Desegregation • Within 1 year, over 500 school districts desegregate • Some districts, state officials, pro-white groups actively resist • Court hands Brown II, orders desegregation at “all deliberate speed” • Eisenhower refuses to enforce compliance; considers it impossible Continued . . . NEXT

35. D – Why weren’t schools in all regions desegregated immediately after the Brown II decision? Some southern whites and state officials resisted segregation , and neither the president nor congress forced them to act quickly. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS

36. Reaction to the Brown Decision

37. African-American students harassed by whites at school all year • 1957 Civil Rights Act—federal government power over schools, voting NEXT

38. Crisis in Little Rock • Since 1948, Arkansas integrating state university, private groups • Gov. Orval Faubus has National Guard turn away black students

39. Elizabeth Eckford faces abusive crowd when she tries to enter school NEXT

40. On September 24, the President ordered the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army—without its black soldiers, who rejoined the division a month later—to Little Rock and federalized the entire 10,000-member Arkansas National Guard, taking it out of the hands of Faubus.

41. Crisis in Little Rock Woodrow Wilson Mann, the mayor of Little Rock, asked President Eisenhower to send federal troops to enforce integration and protect the nine students.

43. Crisis in Little Rock Protest against integration

44. Crisis in Little Rock Protest against integration

45. Crisis in Little Rock Protest for integration

46. Crisis in Little Rock Protest for integration

47. Crisis in Little Rock Protest for integration

48. Crisis in Little Rock Protest for integration

49. Crisis in Little Rock Protest for integration

50. E – What effect do you think television coverage of the Little Rock incident had on the nation? Television allowed people to see the white separatists’ cruel treatment of African American students. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS