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Unit 7 CRISIS INTERVENTION

Unit 7 CRISIS INTERVENTION. PRESENTED BY: REVIEWED BY: Ms. Pavithra K Mr. Jobin Lecturer, MSN dept Asst. Professor, MSN dept. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. At the end of the class students will be able to Define crisis Define crisis Intervention

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Unit 7 CRISIS INTERVENTION

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  1. Unit 7CRISIS INTERVENTION PRESENTED BY: REVIEWED BY: Ms. Pavithra K Mr. Jobin Lecturer, MSN dept Asst. Professor, MSN dept

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the class students will be able to • Define crisis • Define crisis Intervention • Explain the process of crisis Intervention • Explain the approaches of crisis intervention

  3. A crisis is any event that is going to lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual • a time of intense difficulty or danger. • a time when a difficult or important decision must be made • the turning point of a disease when an important change takes place, indicating either recovery or death.

  4. Crisis is a perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms. -James (2008)

  5. Crisis Intervention • Is an effective, short-term therapy that focuses only on immediate problems to be resolved. • The primary goal of intervention is to return the individual to a higher level of function and restore to their pre-crisis level of functioning . • Includes a variety of technique based on the assessment of the individual

  6. Crisis Intervention • It requires timely and skillful support to help cope with his/her situation before physical deterioration occurs • Perceiving, coping, and problem-solving. • The intervention is time limited and fast paced. • Active and directive approach.

  7. Performing the Assessment • Conducting the interview • History: personal and familial • Any means and plans the client may have about carrying out the risk behavior • Observations during the interview • Level of anxiety; desperation; despair; sense of hopelessness; contact with reality.

  8. The skill and technique most essential at this stage is that of focusing while allowing the client to ventilate and express the overwhelming flood of emotions. • Focusing technique can elicit more coherent information for assessment as well as help the client pull themselves together cognitively and emotionally. • A focused interview can serve as an instrument of both assessment and intervention.

  9. Purpose • To reduce the intensity of an individual’s emotional, mental, Physical and behavioural reaction to a crisis. • To help the individuals return to their level of functioning before the crisis.

  10. Duration • The length of time for crisis intervention may range from one session to several weeks, • with the average - four weeks.

  11. PLACE OF INTERVENTION It can take place in a range of setting such as • hospital emergency room • counselling centres • mental health clinics • school • social service agencies centres.

  12. Aims • Reduce distress • Help to solve problems • Avoid maladaptive coping strategies • Improve problem solving strategies

  13. Techniques • Catharesis • Clarification • Suggestion • Reinforcement of behaviour • Support of defences • Raising self esteem • Exploration of solution

  14. Catharsis: • The release of feelings that takes place as the patient talks about the problems • Clarification: • Encouraging the patient to express more clearly the relationship between certain events.

  15. Suggestion • Influencing a person to accept an idea or belief • Reinforcement of behaviour • Giving the patient positive response to adaptive behaviour.

  16. Support of defences: • Encouraging the use of healthy, adaptive defences and discouraging those that are unhealthy or maladaptive. • Rising self esteem • Helping the patient regain feelings of self worth

  17. Exploration of solution: • alternative ways of solving the immediate problem.

  18. Phases of crisis intervention IMMEDIATE CRISIS INTERVENTION • It involves establishing a rapport with the victim, gather information for short term assessment SECOND PHASE • to determine the service and resources required by the victim in order to provide support to the victim.

  19. THIRD PHASE • Recovery intervention • Implementation • helps victims re- stabilize their lives and becomes healthy again

  20. Process of crisis intervention Assessment Planning therapeutic intervention Implementing techniques of intervention Resolution of the crisis Anticipatory planning

  21. Three Approaches • Affective: • Expression and management of feelings involving techniques of ventilation; psychological support; emotional catharsis.

  22. Cognitive: • Helping the client understand the connections between the stressor event and their response. • Techniques include clarifying the problem; identifying and isolating the factors involved; helping the client gain an intellectual understanding of the crisis • Also involves giving information; discussing alternative coping strategies and changing perceptions.

  23. Environmental modification: • Pulling together needed external, environmental resources (either familial or formal helping agencies) • Any and all three approaches may be used at any time depending where the client is, emotionally and cognitively. • The goal is to help the client restore pre-crisis levels of functioning.

  24. NURSING CARE • In assessing a patient the nurse should identify the patient's behaviors, precipitating event, perception of the event, support systems and coping resource, and previous strengths and coping mechanisms.

  25. The expected outcome of nursing care is that the patient will recover from the crisis event and return to a precrisis level of functioning. Levels of crisis intervention include environmental manipulation, general support, generic approach, and individual approach.

  26. The nurse and patient should consider the following factors in evaluating nursing care: the patient's level of functioning, symptoms, coping resources, coping mechanisms, evidence of adaptive coping responses, and need for referral for further treatment.

  27. Crisis intervention can be implemented in any setting, including hospitals, clinics, community health centers, and the home. It should be a competency skill of all nurses.

  28. EVALUATION • What is Crisis? • What is Crisis Intervention? • Describe the process of Crisis Intervention • Explain the approaches used for crisis intervention?

  29. REFERENCE • Smeltzer – Brunner & Suddharth Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, Wolterskluwer publishers, 12th edition 2009. • Black – Medical Surgical Nursing, Elsevier publishers, 8th edition 2009. • Nettina – Lippincott manual of Nursing Practice, Wolterskluwer publishers, 7th edition 2014. • Lewis – Medical Surgical Nursing, Elsevier publishers, 10th edition, 2017

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