The Age of Napoleon 1799 - 1815

1. The Age of Napoleon1799 - 1815 Ch. 18 Sec. 3

2. By the late 1790�s, there existed a general wish for stability in France, especially among property owners. The government of the Directory was not providing this stability. The one force that was able to take charge of the nation as a symbol of both order and popular national will was the army.

3. The most politically astute of the army generals was Napoleon Bonaparte, who had been a radical during the early revolution, a victorious general in Italy, and a supporter of the attempt to suppress revolutionary disturbances during the Directories rule. Furthermore, as a general, he was a leader in the French army, the institution seen most clearly to embody the popular values of the nation and revolution.

4. Video 1 Napoleon Introduction Go to the Videos folder in Edline and watch the Napoleon Introduction. Answer the questions in the packet.

5. I. Early Life Born in 1769 on the island of Corsica Talented, academic and ambitious. He received a scholarship to a famous military school. Spoke with an Italian accent. (Considered an outsider by schoolmates)

6. I. Early Life Napoleon was commissioned as a lieutenant in the French army. He was not popular with his fellow officers. He was able to inspire and motivate the troops under his command.

7. Worksheet # 1 Napoleon Addressing His Army Under the Worksheets folder on Edline, open the worksheet Napoleon Addressing his Army and answer the questions in your packet.

8. I. Early Life Studied French philosophy Analyzed famous military campaigns and strategy Studied the use of artillery in the army.

9. II. Military Successes Napoleon rose quickly through the ranks of the French army. By age 26 he was the Commander of the French armies in Italy.

10. II. Military Successes Italian Campaigns

11. II. Military Successes Speed: Use of cavalry to outflank the enemy Surprise: Gained territorial advantage Decisive Action: Centralized chain of command Quick Artillery Strikes: Studied the use of artillery and understood its advantages

12. II. Military Successes In 1797, the triumphant Napoleon returned to Paris to be hailed a hero and to confront France�s only remaining enemy, Britain. He judged it impossible to invade England at the time. Instead he chose to attack British colonial interests. Napoleon set out to capture Egypt.

13. II. Military Successes Even though Napoleon overran Egypt, the invasion was a failure. The British fleet destroyed the French navy cutting off Napoleon and his army from France. Fearing disaster Napoleon escaped Egypt, leaving his army, and returned to Paris.

14. III. Consul and Emperor The French government was losing power daily. When Napoleon returned to France a change in power was under way. He used the army to overthrow the Directory and establish a Consulate (Three person Executive Branch)

15. Consul and Emperor The Consulate had democratic principles and voting rights, however, Napoleon soon seized power for himself and was named the First Consul.

16. III. Consul and Emperor In 1804 Napoleon seized on his popularity and wrote a new constitution in which he was to be called Emperor of the French instead of First Consul. Napoleon invited the Pope to Notre Dame to take part in the coronation. At the last minute, however, Napoleon thought it best if he place the crown on his own head.

17. IV. Napoleonic Code The code was a reform of civil law in France. It would eventually spread to the rest of Europe.

18. V. Napoleon�s Empire Napoleon could put as many as 700,000 men under arms at one time, risk as many as 100,000 troops in a single battle, endure heavy losses, and return to fight again. He could conscript citizen soldiers in unprecedented numbers, thanks to their loyalty to the nation.

19. Worksheet #2Napoleon�s Empire Under the Worksheets folder on Edline, open the worksheet Napoleon�s Empire and answer the questions in your packet. Use the map in your packet to complete question #2

20. V. Napoleon�s Empire Britain once again defeated the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar, however, Napoleon�s army on land was far too strong for Central European nations. In 1805 Napoleon defeated the combined Austrian and Russian forces at Austerlitz

21. V. Napoleon�s Empire As he conquered Germany, Italy and Prussia, Napoleon placed his family members in charge of these areas. The establishment of the Continental System was the only way Napoleon could attack the British.

22. VI. The Fall of Napoleon The Continental system was a complete failure. The British economy survived by trading with North and South America. At the same time the system badly hurt European economies who relied on trade with Britain. Many of Napoleon�s economic policies favored only France which angered conquered areas in the Empire.

23. VI. The Fall of Napoleon The spread of the Napoleonic Code also served as a seed of destruction for the Empire. The new ideas of Nationalism and Equality change the old social structures in Central Europe. As a consequence the conquered states and people grew restless with French control.

24. VI. The Fall of Napoleon The Invasion of Russia Russia did not like the changes Napoleon was bringing to Europe. In 1810 Russia withdrew from the Continental system and prepared for war.

25. VI. The Fall of Napoleon The Invasion of Russia Napoleon was determined to end the Russian military threat. He created the Grand Army 600,000 men Core of trained French soldiers and soldiers from the rest of the Empire

26. VI. The Fall of Napoleon The Invasion of Russia Napoleon intended for the usual short campaign crowned by a decisive battle. But the Russians (with only 160,000 troops) would not risk traditional battle. Instead they used the tactic of �scorched-earth�

27. VI. The Fall of Napoleon The Invasion of Russia Thinking that the Russians would never abandon their capital, Napoleon decided to attack Moscow, however the weather had gotten much worse as winter approached. Again the Russian army burned Moscow down around Napoleon.

28. Worksheet #3 A Doomed March to Russia Under the Worksheets folder on Edline, open the worksheet A Doomed March to Russia and answer the questions in your packet. Be sure to read both worksheets 1 & 2.

29. VI. The Fall of Napoleon

30. VI. The Fall of Napoleon The Hundred Days The alliance that defeated Napoleon began to break apart. Napoleon seized on the weakness and escaped to France. Much of the army was still loyal to the Emperor.

31. VI. The Fall of Napoleon The Hundred Days The allies once again declared Napoleon an outlaw and moved their armies to fight the French. At the battle of Waterloo Napoleon�s forces were defeated and he was sent into exile once again on the island of Saint Helena.

32. Video 2Napoleon Conclusion Go to the Videos folder in Edline and watch the Napoleon Conclusion. Answer the questions in the packet.

33. VII. Napoleon�s Impact Under the Worksheets folder on Edline, open the worksheet Three Ways Napoleon Changed the World. Complete the questions in your packet.