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Digestive and Endocrine Systems

Digestive and Endocrine Systems. Chapter 21. 21.3 The Endocrine System. Action of Hormones. Endocrine glands produce hormones, which are released into the bloodstream and distributed to body cells. Hormones are classified as steroid hormones and nonsteroid or amino acid hormones.

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Digestive and Endocrine Systems

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  1. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Action of Hormones • Endocrine glandsproduce hormones, which are released into the bloodstream and distributed to body cells. • Hormones are classified as steroid hormones and nonsteroid or amino acid hormones.

  2. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Steroid Hormones • Soluble in lipids and therefore can diffuse through the plasma membrane of a target cell • Bind to a receptor in the cell • The hormone and the receptor that are bound together bind to DNA in the nucleus.

  3. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Amino Acid Hormones • Nonsteroid hormones are composed of amino acids. • Bind to receptors found on the plasma membrane of a target cell because they cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane

  4. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Negative Feedback • Negative feedback returns a system to a set point once it deviates sufficiently from that set point.

  5. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones • Pituitary gland • Situated at the base of the brain • Secretes hormones that regulate many body functions • Regulates other endocrine glands

  6. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands • Thyroxinecauses cells of the body to have a higher rate of metabolism. • Calcitonin is a hormone that is partly responsible for the regulation of calcium. • Parathyroidhormone increases blood calcium levels.

  7. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Pancreas • Crucial role in the production of enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats • Secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon which work together to maintain homeostasis

  8. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Adrenal Glands • Located just above the kidneys • Manufactures the steroid hormone aldosterone and a group of hormones called glucocorticoids Visualizing the Endocrine System

  9. Digestive and Endocrine Systems Chapter 21 21.3 The Endocrine System Link to the Nervous System • The hypothalamus produces two hormones, oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. • The antidiuretichormone (ADH) functions in homeostasis by regulating water balance.

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