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Notes 3.8

Notes 3.8. Paramagnetism /diamagnetism Exceptions to the rules for e- configurations. Electrons spin on their own axis. The spinning creates a tiny magnetic charge. If all electrons are paired , atom is diamagnetic If atom includes unpaired electrons, it is paramagnetic.

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Notes 3.8

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  1. Notes 3.8 Paramagnetism/diamagnetism Exceptions to the rules for e- configurations

  2. Electrons spin on their own axis • The spinning creates a tiny magnetic charge If all electrons are paired, atom is diamagnetic If atom includes unpairedelectrons, it is paramagnetic.

  3. Exceptions to the rule: Atoms are constantly trying to get to the lowest energy state possible. Chromium and Copper

  4. Orbital Energy: Chromium 5s 4p 3d 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s You expect chromium to be this configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4 The 4s, and 3d orbitals are very similar in energy. This allows occasional ‘switching’ A ½ filled 3d level is slightly more stable than a full 4s 5 like spinning electrons…paramagnetism Lowest energy to highest energy

  5. Orbital Energy: Chromium 4s13d5 Not 4s23d4 5s 4p 3d 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s Lowest energy to highest energy

  6. Copper Expected 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9 Actual 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10 4s1 3d10 is lower energy than 4s23d9

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