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The Parts of Speech

Learn about the different types of nouns, including proper, common, abstract, concrete, and collective nouns. Understand the possessive case of nouns and pronouns. Explore various types of pronouns and their roles, including personal, reflexive, intensive, relative, interrogative, demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns.

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The Parts of Speech

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  1. The Parts of Speech NounVerbPreposition PronounAdverb Conjunction Adjective Interjection Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  2. Noun A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  3. Types of Nouns 1. Proper • Common • Abstract • Concrete • Collective Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  4. Proper Noun • A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, or thing. • Ex. – Kay, Miami, White House Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  5. Common Noun • A common noun is the name of an ordinary noun. • Ex. – city, woman, building, shoe Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  6. Abstract Noun • An abstract noun names a quality, a characteristic, or an idea. • Ex. – beauty, strength, love, courage Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  7. Concrete Noun • A concrete noun names an object that can be perceived by the senses. • Ex. – hat, desk, book, box Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  8. Collective Noun • A collective noun names a group. • Ex. - crowd, team, class Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  9. Possessive Case • The possessive case of a noun or a pronoun shows ownership or relationship. • OwnershipRelationship Alice Walker’s poetry Crowfoot’s family the student’s suggestions five dollars’ worth your opinion my grandparents Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  10. Possessive Case 1. To form the possessive of a singular noun, add an apostrophe and an –s. ex. The senator’s comments player’s turn • To form the possessive of a plural noun ending in –s, add only the apostrophe. ex. Girls’ team the winners’ trophy Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  11. Possessive Case • Do not use an apostrophe with possessive personal pronouns or with the possessive pronoun whose. INCORRECT We thought the top score was her’s. CORRECT We thought the top score was hers. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  12. PossessiveCase 4. To form the possessive of an indefinite pronoun, add an apostrophe and an –s. Ex. Everyone’s vote counts equally. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  13. Possessive Case • Form the possessive of only the last word in a hyphenated word, in the name of an organization or a business firm, or in a word group showing joint possession. Ex. father-in-law’s hobby Lewis and Clark’s expedition Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  14. Pronoun • A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. • Ex. – Angelo borrowed a hammer and some nails. He will return them tomorrow. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  15. Types of Pronouns • Personal • Reflexive • Intensive • Relative • Interrogative • Demonstrative • Indefinite Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  16. Personal Pronouns Singular Plural 1st I, me, my, mine we, our, ours, us Person 2nd you, your, yours you, your, yours Person 3rd he, his, him they, their, theirs, them Person she, her, hers it, its Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  17. Antecedent • The word that a pronoun stands for is called the antecedent. • In the preceding example, Angelo is the antecedent of he,and hammer and nails are the antecedents of them. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  18. Reflexive/Intensive Pronouns • A reflexive or intensive pronoun is created when the suffix –self or –selves is added to the appropriate personal pronouns. • Reflexive (The pronoun stands alone.) Ex. Carmen hurt herself. • Intensive (The pronoun is next to another noun or pronoun.) Ex. Carmen herselfwas not hurt. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  19. Relative Pronoun • A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate (dependent) clause. Who Which Whose That Whom Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  20. Interrogative Pronouns • An interrogative pronoun introduces a question. Who Which Whom What Whose Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  21. Demonstrative Pronouns • A demonstrativepronoun points out a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. • The demonstrative pronouns are this, that,these, and those. • Ex. This is our favorite song by Ella Fitzgerald. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  22. Indefinite Pronouns all either much other another everybody neither several any everyone nobody some anybody everything none somebody anyone few no one someone anything many nothing something both more one such each most Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  23. Indefinite Pronouns • An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, idea, or thing that may or may not be specifically named. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  24. Adjectives • An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or a pronoun. • To modify means “to describe or make more definite”. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  25. Articles • A, an, and the are articles. • Identify articles by placing an orange box around each of them. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  26. Adjectives • Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling which one, what kind, how many. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  27. Which one? • This street • Those cars • First step • Last one Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  28. What kind? • Brown shoes • Large animal • Narrow road • Nice person Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  29. How many? • Ten boxes • Several boxes • Fewer mistakes • Many students Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  30. Adjectives • Adjectives usually precede the words they modify. • Ex. The wildandgracefuldeerranthroughthe forest. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  31. Adjectives • For emphasis, however, adjectives are sometimes placed after the words they modify. • The deer, wild and graceful, ran through the forest. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  32. Adjective Suffixes • Common adjective suffixes include: -able (tolerable) -en (wooden) -ible (possible) -ful (thankful) -ate (desolate, separate) -less (hopeless) -esque (picturesque) -some (lonesome) -ous Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  33. Prepositions • A preposition is a word used to show the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence. • Think about the squirrel and the tree!!!! Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  34. Prepositions About at but (concerning) Above before by Across behind concerning After below down Against beneath during Along beside except Amid besides for Among between from Around beyond in Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  35. More Prepositions into since until like through unto of throughout up off to upon on toward with over under within past underneath without Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  36. Conjunctions • A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words. • There are three kinds of conjunctions: 1. coordinating conjunctions 2. correlative conjunctions 3. subordinating conjunctions Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  37. Coordinating Conjunctions • A coordinating conjunction connects words or groups of words used in the same way. and or yet but nor so for Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  38. Correlative Conjunctions • Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words used in the same way. *Both . . . and *Either . . . or *Neither . . . nor *Not only . . . but *Whether . . . or Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  39. Subordinating Conjunctions • A subordinating conjunction begins a subordinate (dependent) clause and connects it to an independent clause. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  40. Subordinating Conjunctions after because since although before so that as even though than as if how that as much as if though as though in order that unless as well as provided until Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  41. More Subordinating Conjunctions when whenever where wherever whether while why Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  42. Verbs • A verb is a word used to express action or a state of being. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  43. Forms of Be • There are eight forms of the verb –BE. am was be is were been are being Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  44. Linking Verbs am appear grow seem taste is become look smell turn are feel remain sound was stay were be been being Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  45. Verb Phrases • A verb phrase consists of a main verb and at least one helping verb. As many as three helping verbs may precede the main verb. Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  46. Helping Verbs am could do have can will is would did has may shall are should does had might was must were be been being Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  47. Find the verbs in the following sentences: • 1. The modern shopping center is a response to the migration to the suburbs that began after World War II and is continuing. • 2. We have tens of thousands of shopping centers in this country, and many more are on the architects’ drawing boards. • 3. With art galleries, theaters, concerts, and festivals, the big shopping centers are also cultural centers. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  48. Verbs – continuted • 4. A typical center contains acres of parking space and scores of stores where one can buy almost anything. • 5. A whole town may rapidly develop around a new shopping center, and the center then becomes the downtown area of the community. • 6.Because most shoppers are busy people, architects design the centers for efficiency. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  49. Verbs – continued • 7. Parking spaces are ample, and people can move quickly from store to store. • 8. The variety of stores interest shoppers who enjoy bargain hunting, but because most stores in a shopping center cater to people of the same income level, prices actually do not vary greatly. • 9. Although the primary aim of shopping centers is convenience, they also provide recreation and entertainment. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

  50. Action Verbs • Action verbs fall into two categories: • Transitive • Intransitive Kimmeavy, James L. and John E. Warriner. Elements of Writing: Complete Course. Austin: Holt, 1998. Teaching method developed by Vicki Schmitt - 1994

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