PALESTINIAN ARCHITECTURE

PALESTINIAN ARCHITECTURE PALESTINIAN ARCHITECTURE ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

Traditional distinctive types of buildings in Palestine ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

Traditional Building Types • Traditional distinctive types of buildings in Palestine, are classified as religious buildings, civil buildings, military buildings, and forms of fortifications • However Palestinian traditional types of buildings are similar all over the cities but still some different characteristic that features geographical areas similar to traditional clothes, traditional meals • Buildings using Lime stones, Mud bricks, rock stones, concrete stone according to the availability and the functional or social necessity ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

Traditional Dressing Types Bethlehem Jerusalem_Asali Jerusalem_El_Gib Herbron_Bani Jerusalem_Silwan Bethlehem-Malak Pillow_Hebron Ramleh_Front Asdud-Front Jerusalem_Lifta Smadeh Shatweh Taqsireh ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

In general Traditional distinctive types of buildings are • 1. Public buildings • Religious buildings • (Mosques-Churches-zawaia- shrines- vestiges-monasteries-cathedrals) • Administrative and services buildings • (Municipalities-Schools and Katateeb- Markets-public or thermal bathes-Khans- Bemarestans ) • 2. Residential buildings • A. Stones houses • Vaulted roof houses and flat roofs house • B. Mud houses ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

Traditional distinctive types of buildings Gaza Case Study ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings A. Religious buildings ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings A. Religious buildings • 1.Mosques • Mosques distributed in Old city of Gaza and generally at the districts centers and open direct at the main streets • Mosques in addition to its main function it had many other functions such as studying center –Judge center- shrine. etc • These mosques build of local lime stones • Roofs stands at bearing walls at the surrounding and columns at the middle and compound of ribbed vaults • Most of them consist of praying hall compound of groups of iwans, open court, and annexes rooms • Mosques has one or more entrances and opened to one or many streets and some times many entrances opened at the same street ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • Entrances overfed with arches and ornaments and writings • The mosques roads levels increased during past periods which resulted to low ground level of mosques (up to 2m below) • Size of mosqes differ some are consist of group of rewaqs and Iwans as in Omari,Ebin Othman,Essaid Hashem Ebin Marwan and others consist of one iwan as in El-qalaa -1300 • Court surrounded by arched rewaqs used for praying in Summer and spring that’s why they has outer Mehrab • Mosques ceilings centered by Semi sphere dome laid at ribbed drum or neck surrounded by small windows for lighting • One of the iwans covered with big semi sphere dome for praying and sometimes used other small domes as ottomans architecture effect. ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • In addition to the domes, similar Minarets are interact with sky line of the old city. These Minarets are ribbed shaped and build of stones and contains small openings and overfed with Maqsourah for Moazen ended with sepherical or pointed dome higher with copper Helal • No more than one Minaret for the mosques build at the kiblah wall or at the entrance wall and some are affected by Mamlouk architecture • At the middle of kiblah wall there is Mehrab domed by marble and surrounded by marble sheets and has pendentives, geometric mosaics, and arabesques and writings ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • The most famous mosques are: • Al-Omari Great Mosque - 1149 • Assaid Hashem Mosque-1850 • Shiekh Ali Hewali-1338 • Sheikh Zakariyah-1800 • El-Moghrabi-1320 • Ebin-Othman-1394 • Ezafar Demri-1306 • Eshamaa-1790 • El-Aibaki-1253 • Ali Bin Marwan-1324 • El-Kalaah • Kateb welaiah • ElMahkmah ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • Al-Omari Great Mosque - 1149 ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • Ebin-Othman-1394 ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • ElMahkmah ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • Kateb welaiah ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • El-Kalaah ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • Assaid Hashem Mosque-1850 ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings A. Religious buildings • 2. Churches • there are three Churches distributed in Zaiton District the old city which are: • Perfarious orthodox church (407) • Latin Catholics church (1882) • Anglican Church (1878) • All the three churches contributed the same characters where the main building consists of one space different than the basilicas shape which consist of nave and one aisle at both sides • Churches has no direct entrance to the street but rather it situated inside the complex fence which contain many building attached to the church building such as (school, housing building, halls, hospital,…etc. ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • Porforious Church • the oldest church in Gaza build in fifth century by Porforious saint who buried in the hall of the church. • The building was renewed in 1856 and the church still used up today • The church located in Ras At-tala’a street south of the old city which is one of the most traditional street and to the next-door is the Kateb Wilayah mosque which are consistent and considered a good example of the good religious relation • Church situated inside the fence area 2000m2 surround by the Orthodox cemetery • South side there is a court surrounded by group of building for housing Priests and monks, porforious monastery at the south, the Council of church Deputies at the east ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • The church plan is symbolic shape of Noah's Ark consist of the main space the praying hall contain two iwans opened to each other and roofed by cross vaults • East of the iwans is the sanctuary of the Christ sculpture • a rectangular space ended with semi-circle • The praying and the sanctuary separated by wooden iconostas painted with Christian drawings • cubic shape centered the sanctuary called the Alter for praying before the official pray when the saint come to the praying hall • Praying hall is 330m2 and the main entrance located at the west elevation below the ground level of the external court overfed by pointed arch contain writings dates the buildings construction. ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • the main and the secondary entrances are 2m below the external court level and one of the southern elevation windows opened as a door at the church external court and reached to the mezzanine biuld over ¾ iwan at the west part and loaded over 4 circular columns and nowadays used for women's • ascending and descending to the mezzanineby two lateral stairs • Church walls build 180cm from sand stones interacted perpendicular circular marble sheets distributed irregularly and relieved at the external wall surfaces • Side elevations contains narrow windows called tallaqat and the east circular side contain one small window allow the sun shine the alter one day every year • Interior Walls painted with many photos for Christ and the Mother Mary and some of saints ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • The ceilings are painted with blue color contains white stars • Long seats 180x45cm and other single seats are distributed in the praying hall and in the northern part there is baptism Basin, a marble Cone cover with copper filled with water at baptism. • The church hall used for praying and marriages and feast ceremonies , the southern buildings was used as primary rome orthodox school and kindergarten, and the eastern building used for youth activities ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings A. Religious buildings • 3. Zawaiah • Zawaiah distributed in old city in Islamic periods like other Islamic cities and established by sultans or wealth people and used by Almtsofin and Addaraawish • Some are still with good conditions like zawiat al-ahmadiah in Al-Daraj district • Zawaiah building pattern characterize by the praying hall with Mehrab vaulted or domed in addition to some annexed rooms for different activities like food or sleeping for strangers, or for mentioning ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings A. Religious buildings • Zawiat Al-Ahmadiah • name related to Ahmed Bin Ali Al-Hussini born in fas city in Morocco AND died in tanta in Egypt 1276 and is the owner of the ahmadiah way • The zawiah build by the deputy Jarkas Mamlouk of king Nasser Mohammed Bin Qallawoun in Gaza Tarntawi al-Joykindar for the follower motsofin of Al-Hussini way in the 14 century • Zawiah located in Al-Daraj district beside the water well east of assiad Hashem Mosque in the old city • There was a bath and the water running through to the fountain and then to the pool which now destructed • It has main entrance at the nort-west side beside two burial for Qattallo Khatoon khan and Abu Shahlah ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • The area is 170m2 consist of praying hall covered with semi-sphere dome loaded at ribbed neck or drum contain semi circle windows for lighting which reflect at the arches inside • There is Mehrab decorated by double five center arch (Makhmous) build with off-white and pink color stones ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • The area is 170m2 consist of praying hall covered with semi-sphere dome loaded at ribbed neck or drum contain semi circle windows for lighting which reflect at the arches inside • There is Mehrab decorated by double five center arch (Makhmous) build with off-white and pink color stones • Annexed to the hall other small halls opened to court centered by water pool and al-Khilwah room build all with sand stones used also for the wide bearing walls ad the cross vaults. • it is used to have mentioning party every Thursday evening presented soup for the attendance, doing the Hadrah and reading the wazeefah Fridays and Mondays nights, making eatings and sweets parties in Alqader night in Ramadan, and supporting the poor in the feasts. • It also used as hostel for the passengers ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

1. Public Buildings • it is now a waqf building responsible by Abu Shahlah family for preservation and grouping in every Friday evening for praying and reading the wazeefah • The plan characterize by four ribbed marble columns overed by stones like domes ENG.NABEEL M. AIAD

PALESTINIAN ARCHITECTURE