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Decreasing Wine Grape Quality

Decreasing Wine Grape Quality. Source: Hayhoe et al, 2004. Decreasing Chill Hours. Source: Baldocchi et al, 2005. Decreasing Dairy Production. Source: Hayhoe et al. 2004. More Areas Favorable to Pests. Projected Cotton Pink Bollworm Range Expansion. Source: Gutierrez et al. 2006.

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Decreasing Wine Grape Quality

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  1. Decreasing Wine Grape Quality Source: Hayhoe et al, 2004

  2. Decreasing Chill Hours Source: Baldocchi et al, 2005

  3. Decreasing Dairy Production Source: Hayhoe et al. 2004

  4. More Areas Favorable to Pests Projected Cotton Pink Bollworm Range Expansion Source: Gutierrez et al. 2006

  5. Increasing Wildfires Data Source: Westerling and Bryant 2006

  6. Impacts on Species • U.S. Department of Interior declared polar bears threatened species due to global warming (CNSNews.com Staff Writer, December 28, 2006) - declines in bear nutrition, birth weight and survival • California • Checkerspot Butterfly has been disappearing from the lower elevations and southern limits of its range. • Salmon are particularly vulnerable to climate change, warmer and drier climate could reduce their productivity by as much as 50 to 60%.

  7. Governor’s Executive Orderand AB 32, Nunez/Pavley • GHG reduction targets • By 2010, reduce to 2000 levels* • By 2020, reduce to 1990 levels** (AB 32) • By 2050, 80% below 1990 levels*** * 60 MMT or 11% below business as usual ** 174 MMT or 30% below business as usual *** Where international scientists say we need to be

  8. 11 11 Size of the Challenge

  9. California’s Anthropogenic GHG Emissions (2002) High Warming Gases (Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons, Sulfur Hexaflouride) 4% Nitrous Oxide 7% • Sources • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Fossil fuel combustion • Methane • Fossil fuels • Landfills, agriculture • Nitrous Oxide • Agriculture, cars • Hydrofluorocarbons • Refrigerants, solvents Methane 6%

  10. Sources of California Emissions CO2 Equivalent (2002) Others 8% Transportation Electric Power 41% 20% Industrial 23% Agriculture & Forestry 8%

  11. 1 MMT CO2 is Equal To… • 216,000 cars not driven one year • 114 million gallons of gasoline saved • 2.3 million barrels of oil saved • Converting one 500 MW coal burning power plant to a 500 MW combined cycle gas plant • Replacing 1.5 million inefficient refrigerators • Replacing 13 million light bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps

  12. Climate Change Species Indirect Greenhouse Gases Ozone precursors • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) • Oxides of Nitrogens (NOX) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Oxides of Sulfurs (SOX) Direct Greenhouse Gases • Carbon dioxide (CO2)* • Methane (CH4)* • Nitrous oxide (N2O)* • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)* • Per fluorocarbons (PFCs) * • Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) * • Ozone (O3) * Greenhouse gases identified in Kyoto protocol. Climate change impacts of other species are either too small or have highly uncertain warming/cooling impact. • Aerosols • Sulfate, Nitrate, Mineral Dust, Carbonaceous particles

  13. Recommended WebsitesFor More Information • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change http://www.ipcc.ch/ • U.S Climate Change Science Program http://www.climatescience.gov/ • Goddard Institute for Space Studies – Institute on Climate and Planets: http://icp.giss.nasa.gov/ • California Climate Change Portal http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/index.html • ARB’s Climate Change Page http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/cc.htm • U.S. EPA’s Global Warming Site http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/index.html • Real Climate – Climate Science from Climate Scientists http://www.realclimate.org/

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