Parts of Speech: Nouns

Identifying • Classifying • Applying (Reading & Writing) Parts of Speech: Nouns ESL Writing Class

Essential Learning Questions • What is the function of a noun? CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.1.B Use frequently occurring nouns and verbs. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.3.1.A Explain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in general and their functions in particular sentences. • What are the classifications of nouns? CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.1.1.B Use common, proper, and possessive nouns. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.1.1.C Use singular and plural nouns with matching verbs in basic sentences (e.g., He hops; We hop). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.1.1.D Use personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns (e.g., I, me, my; they, them, their, anyone, everything). • How can I apply nouns to my reading and writing? CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.3.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, concept (idea), or quality. Person: Student Teacher Uncle Mother Gardener PoetMusician Writer SculptorChild Place: College Home Garden Library Mall Beach City Park Zoo Thing: Apple Game Movie Book Test Homework Dinner Bracelet Desk Poem Painting Song Thumb These are ConcreteNouns because you can experience them with at least one of your senses.

Abstract nouns are nouns that you can’t see, touch, smell, hear or taste. Both ideas (or concepts) and qualities are ABSTRACT nouns. Ideas or Concepts Freedom Love Honor Feelings Wish Idea Patriotism Qualities Honesty Stubbornness Friendliness Happiness Can you see freedom? Can you see an idea? While you can see the effects of both freedom and love, you cannot actually experience either one with any of your five senses. This is why they are called abstract nouns. To test to see if they are nouns, place a possessive pronoun in front of each one. “Our freedom,”“His love,”“Your Honesty” Yes, they are nouns.

Common Versus Proper Nouns Concrete nouns can be divided into two other categories: Common vs. Proper. Common nouns name a general person, place, or thing such as bookor friend. Proper nouns name a specific person, place, or thing such as the title of a book, Of Mice and Menor the name of a friend, Alison. Notice that because proper nouns are the names of specificpeople, places, or things, they are CAPITALIZED.

Here are some more examples of common and proper nouns: CommonProper country Italy president Thomas Jefferson teacher Ms. Jones game Monopoly museum High Museum song Amazing Grace lawyer Johnnie Cochran newspaper The New York Times uncle Uncle Ray doctor Doctor Hall Notice that because proper nouns name specific people, places, or things, they are all CAPITALIZED.

Note that as common nouns neither president, doctor nor uncle is capitalized. For example, if I say: I am going to my uncle’s house, I am not naming a specific uncle, so “uncle” is not capitalized. But if I say: I am going to my Uncle Ray’s house, I am naming a specific person, and uncle is his title, so uncle is capitalized. The same thing happens to any other common noun that is used asa title in front of a person’s name: Doctor Hall, Father Tim, Mister Connery, President Washington, and Aunt Joan. So the rule to remember is that when a common noun is used in front of a person’s name as a title, you MUST capitalize it.

A common noun that is used as someone’s name is also capitalized. For example, If I say: I am going to my mother’s house. The word “mother” is not capitalized because I am not using it as her name. I am using the word to express a relationship not a name. But if I say: I am going to Mother’s house. The word “Mother” is capitalized because I am using it as her name. It is what I am calling her.

We have looked at concrete and abstract nouns, as well as proper and common nouns. Now it is time to look at another type of noun: The Collective Noun The collective noun is one collection of many parts. We have one forest, but it is made of many trees. We have one class, but it is made of many students. We have one audience, but it is made of many people. We have one team, but it is made of many players. We have one troop, but it is made of many soldiers. A collective noun names a group, a collection. While it is made of many parts, it is ONE collection.

One last type of noun is know as the compound noun. Let’s look at these and see how they work. The Compound Noun A compound noun is made up of two or more nouns put together to make a new word. These words can be separated, hyphenated, or simple joined together. • The seventh grade students are new to middle school. • Mr. Victor hit a bull’s-eye on his dart board. • Many people have seen the Golden Gate Bridge. • You probably want to avoid getting into a teacher’s doghouse. So, the rule to remember is that when two nouns are joined together, they form a new word with a new meaning and are called compound nouns.

Forming Possessive Nouns With the exception of a plural noun with an “s” on its end, all possessive nouns are formed by adding an ’s. There are two types of plural nouns, regular and irregular. A regular noun is one which is made plural by adding an –s or an –es. An irregular noun is made plural with either an internal change (foot/feet) or the addition of another suffix (child/children). Still other irregular nouns have the same form whether they are singular or plural (fish/fish).

Remember these 3 rules: 1. To change a singular noun into a singular possessive noun, add ’s (apostrophe s). It doesn’t matter if the singular noun ends in s already. The name of my son is Chris. = Myson’s name is Chris. The hair of Chris is brown. = Chris’s hair is brown. Remember these 3 simples rules…… 1. To change a singular noun into a singular possessive noun, add ’s (apostrophe s). It doesn’t matter if the singular noun ends in s already. The name of my son is Chris. = Myson’s name is Chris. The hair of Chris is brown. = Chris’s hair is brown. 2. To change an irregular plural noun into a possessive, add ’s (apostrophe s). The books of the men are on the table. = The men’s books are on the table. The mother of the children is nice. = The children’s motheris nice. 3. To change a regular plural noun into a possessive, add only ’(apostrophe). Don’t add another s! The brother of the girlsis short. = The girls’brother is short. The problems of the students are sad. = The students’ problems are sad.

Chart of Possessive Nouns Regular Nouns Irregular Nouns S P box’s boxes’ hat’s hats’ toy’s toys’ boat’s boats’ S P foot’s feet’s tooth’s teeth’s ox’s oxen’s fish’s fish’s child’s children’s Note: The apostrophe is not used if the noun is simply plural, but shows no ownership.

Tips for Identifying Nouns • The articles a, an, and the are noun indicators. That is, they indicate a noun is coming, so to test if a word is a noun, place a “the” in front of the word in question: “the air” – Yes! “Air” is a noun. “the empty” No! “Empty” is not a noun. 2. Place a possessive pronoun in front of the noun( such as our, his, my) Yes! “idea is a noun. No! “follow” is not a noun. “my idea” - “our follow”- Caution: Many English words can be more than one part of speech, so make sure you leave the word in its sentence context when using this test.

Assess Yourself! Skill: Identifying & classifying nouns within informational text. Am I a Novice, Apprentice, Practitioner, Expert?

Parts of Speech: Nouns