System Design Review

1. System Design Review Jason Andrews Tyler Burns Max McMahon Nicolas Reginelli Tyler Schmidt Anna Sementilli P15418 B9 Better Water Maker

2. Agenda • Problem Definition Review • Functional Decomposition • Concept Generation • Benchmarking/Pugh Analysis • Top Concepts • System Architecture • Feasability • Test Plan • Specs • Risk Assessment • Project Plan

3. Problem Statement B9 Plastics has developed a water treatment system to be used in developing areas with little to no access to clean water. Current System: UV light kills organisms in water UV light and water pump currently powered by hand crank The complete system costs about $200 in lots of 1000 The hand crank power generator has proven difficult to operate for women and children Goals: Create a cheaper system Require less effort to operate More usable for women and children Constraints: Same UV lamp, flow rate, and distance between the flowing water and lamp The lamp must be powered for 10 seconds before the pump runs Mobile and lightweight to allow for easy storage in a home

4. Customer Requirements Lightweight Small size Low cost Generate power Easier to operate Intuitive or function can be shown with pictures and diagrams Power system must last at least as long as the UV bulb Safe Durable Electrical system protection

5. Engineering Requirements • Power generation of 17W per current pump and UV bulb set up • Cost less than $200 for full system • Maintain 0.5 gpm flow rate • Protect against 20V,10A surge • Instructional documentation with pictures • Can be installed by one average middle school aged child in 10 minutes or less • Can be dropped from 8’ and maintain functionality • Product should pass requirements outlined by the Consumer Product Safety Commission

6. Functional Decomposition Why? How?

7. 21. Lightning Rod 22. Round about 23. Battery 24. Donkey 25. Wood Furnace 26. Massive Glass Pyramid 27. Tidal Power 28. Trash refuse 29. Hydrogen extraction from urine 30. Microbial fuel cells 31. Wind Belts 32. Thermowave Power 33. Split water into hydrogen 34. Solar Tower Power Station 35. Body Heat 36. Methane emissions 37. Microorganism Excrement 38. Kites Attached to Ocean-going Ships 39. Reprocessed Coffee Grounds 40. Dance Floor Concept Generation 1. Bike Pedal power system 2. Treadle Pump 3. Hand Crank 4. Solar power 5. Wind power 6. Hydro Power 7. Solar/Mech Combo 8. Nuclear Power 9. Geo Thermal 10. Rowing Machine 11. Cart with wheels generating power 12. Peltier Cell 13. Swing Set 14. Jump Rope 15. Soccer Ball 16. Backpack harnessing energy 17. Fuel Cell 18. Wireless Power 19. piezoelectric floors 20. Steam Turbine 41. French Press 42. Cheese Cloth Filter 43. Cotton T Shirt Filter 44. Charcoal Filter 45. Spin Down Filter 46. Metal Screen Filter 47. Ceramic Filter 48. Sand Filter 49. Wave energy 50. Biomass energy

8. Morph Chart

9. Pugh Analysis-Power System

10. Pugh Analysis-Power System

11. Pugh Analysis-Filter

12. Pugh Analysis-Filter

13. System Architecture - Solar

14. System Architecture- Treadle Pump

15. Solar Introduction Approximate Cost • Open-circuit voltage = 0.6V/cell • Short-circuit current = 7.5A/cell • Power output = 4.5 watts • Voltage required = 12V • # of cells needed = 20 (minimum) • Power generated with 20 cells = 90 watts • For 1000 cells, cost = $0.35/watt • 90 watts X $0.35/watt = $31.50/solar array • Does not include cost of framing

16. Solar Feasibility The chart shows the average monthly Solar Insolation (Beam and Diffuse) .The chart also gives calculations with respect to the tilt angle of the solar collector. Assume: South facing collector, Clear Sky Example Haiti has a Latitude of approx 18.5 degrees N (Insolation values based off of 20 degree N Latitude) The estimated size of our solar array is 2’x3’, giving us an area of 6ft² or 0.557 m². Looking at the chart under January, for a tilt angle of 20 degrees at 8 am, we have a solar insolation value of 418 W/m². To find out how many watts are available at this time, we multiply our insolation value by our area. (418 W/m² X 0.557 m²)=232.826W. That seems like a great number, but remember, solar panels do not operate at 100% efficiency, they are in fact rather inefficient, running at about 15-20% efficiency on average. If we take our Power value and multiply it by the efficiency, we get 232.826 W X 0.15=34.92W

17. Solar Feasibility Continued From chart, we can see how many kWh/day are produced on monthly average for each tilt angle. Example Looking at January at a tilt angle of 20 degrees, we have 7.08kWh/day If we multiply this number by our area and efficiency, we get (7.08kWh/day X 0.557m² X 0.15)= 591.534 W*h/day. Due to the excess Power that will be generated throughout the day, a battery could be added to capture the excess power.

18. Test Plan- Solar • Measure open circuit voltage • Remove load from the circuit path of the panels • Angle panel towards the sun • Measure voltage between the + and - terminals using a multimeter • Measure short circuit current • Remove load from the circuit path of the panels • Connect multimeter in series with the panels and set to measure Amps. • Place panels in the after the multimeter has been connected • Set-up an artificial light array to measure power output in a controlled environment

19. Solar Power Pros • Little to no physical effort required to harness energy • Durability • Can output more power than needed → can use extra power to charge cellphones • With little effort required to harness energy, could use system as a business to charge cell phones or sell improved drinking water • Solar energy is abundant in developing countries • With little effort required, users more likely to keep using product • Easy to learn and use for new users Cons • Repair could be difficult if a solar cell is damaged • If poor weather conditions, system will not harvest as much power • Cannot operate at night, would need a battery to store energy generated in the day • Potential target for theft

20. Specs-Solar

21. Treadle Introduction Eagle Scout Project - How Treadles Work - $50 total cost Design Specifications

22. Test Plan - Treadle • Measure Installation and Training Time • Volunteer • Time required • Measure Effort Required • Heart rate, respiratory rate • Measure Power Output, Flow Rate • Flow meter • Voltmeter

23. Treadle System Pros • Not Restricted to daylight or weather conditions • Easy to use • Inexpensive • Requires less effort than current model • Could be used by men, women and children • Culturally Compatible Cons • Greater risk of part failure due to wear • More repair could be needed • Increased setup time • Difficult to set up without training

24. Specs-Treadle

25. Risk Assessment

26. Risk Assessment Cont.

27. Risk Projections

28. Phase II Project Plan Overview Customer Approval’s are helpful to mitigate risk that customer will change mind throughout project. By critiquing the concepts and beginning to determine specs, we are mitigating the product material lifespan and performance risks. Major Milestones

29. Projected Phase III Plan

30. Questions?

31. Resources Masters, Gilbert M. Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. Print.

32. Concept Selection Team met together and brainstormed many concepts for system Concepts were broken down into two major areas, generating power and filtration. -Next we quickly ruled out some of the obvious concepts that were unrealistic -From here we started a Pugh Chart Analysis, evaluating each concept against a datum and a set of criteria. -For each criteria category, the selected concept could get a rating of +,- or S. The concept received a “+” if it satisfied the criteria category better than the datum, a “-“ if it didn’t satisfy the criteria as well as the datum, and an “s” if the criteria was the satisfied equally compared to the datum THIS IS A DESCRIPTION OF THE HAMMER. SAVE YOUR TIME FOR DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTING BUILDING