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The Progressives and Their Networks

The Progressives and Their Networks. ( Getting by with a Little Help from Your Friends). Who were the Progressives?. Age : Born between 1860 and 1880 Class: Middle-class origins Hard work Self-Discipline Individual Ethic Education Race: Mostly White. Why dissatisfied?.

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The Progressives and Their Networks

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  1. The Progressives and Their Networks (Getting by with a Little Help from Your Friends)

  2. Who were the Progressives? • Age: Born between 1860 and 1880 • Class: Middle-class origins • Hard work • Self-Discipline • Individual Ethic • Education • Race: Mostly White

  3. Why dissatisfied? • Series of economic panics 1870-1890 • Labor unrest • Flood of immigrants • Changes from industrialization, new technologies

  4. What’s the solution? • “Association” • “Social Solidarity” • Activist Government

  5. JaneAddamsThe Hull House Hub

  6. Addams Biographical

  7. Founding of Hull House 1889

  8. Hull House Growth

  9. Early Residents • Julia Lathrop (1858-1932)—Moves to Hull House in 1890. • Mary Kenney (1864-1943)—Moves to Hull House circa 1890. • Florence Kelley (1859-1932)—Moves to Hull House in 1891.

  10. Julia Lathrop

  11. Julia Lathrop • 1893: Charities investigator • Pioneer in “applied sociology” • Chicago School • Immigrants’ Protective League • 1912: First head of federal Children’s Bureau • Other issues: suffrage

  12. Florence Kelley

  13. Florence Kelley • Investigated sweatshop conditions; report led to new IL laws • 1893: Appointed chief factory inspector • 1899: Head of National Consumers’ League; moves into Henry Street Settlement in New York City • 1912: Work on child labor instrumental in creation of Children’s Bureau • Other issues: suffrage, NAACP

  14. Mary Kenney • Unusual background • 1892: first salaried organizer for AFL • Worked with Kelley on labor issues • Influential in founding of WTUL; suffragist

  15. Later Residents • Alice Hamilton (1869-1970)– Hull House 1897 • Mary McDowell (1854-1936)- Hull House 1890s • Sophonisba Breckinridge (1866-1948)—Hull House 1907

  16. Alice Hamilton • 1893: MD from U Michigan • 1897: Professor at Northwestern; Hull House • Expert on industrial poisons • 1919: first woman on Harvard Medical School faculty

  17. Alice Hamilton 1869-1970

  18. Mary McDowell • 1854-1936 • Founded settlement house by stockyards with JA help • Co-founder WTUL • Woman suffrage • Women’s Peace Party

  19. Sophonisba Breckinridge • First woman to receive Ph.D. in political science (U Chicago) in 1901 • WTUL drew to Hull House • Succeeded Lathrop as head of Chicago School research department • Founded Immigrants’ Protective League with Lathrop • NAWSA leader • Women’s Peace Party 1866-1948

  20. Edith Abbott • 1876-1957 • U Chicago Ph.D. 1905 • Hull House resident 1908-1920 • Pioneering social research on working women and juvenile delinquency

  21. Grace Abbott • 1878-1939 • Master’s, Political Science, • U Chicago 1909 • Hull House, 1908-1920(?) • 1908: Immigrants’ Protective League • 1910-1917: Chicago School of Civics • 1917: Children’s Bureau

  22. Univ. Chicago Allies W. I. Thomas (1983-1947) John Dewey (1859-1952)

  23. New York City Allies Lillian Wald, pioneer in public health nursing (1867-1940)

  24. New York City Allies 1908, New York City Lavinia Dock (1858-1956)

  25. Networks Emerge • Organizations: • Chicago School/U Chicago • NY School of Philanthropy • Other settlement houses in Chic and NYC • Immigrants’ Protective League • WTUL (1903) • Children’s Bureau (1912) • NAWSA /NWP • Issues: • Immigrant abuse • Women’s work hours • Child labor/welfare • Public health • Woman suffrage • Peace Hull House

  26. Networking

  27. Networking

  28. W.E.B. DuBois:The NAACP Hub

  29. DuBois Biographical 1907

  30. The Philadelphia Negro

  31. DuBois and Hull House • Visitor, 1903-1918 • Correspondence with Addams, Kelley, Lathrop • Joint publications in journals

  32. The Niagara Movement 1907 1905 ►

  33. Call for Civil Rights • “The Call” February 1909 signed by: • Jane Addams • John Dewey • W.E.B. DuBois • Florence Kelley • Mary McDowell • W.I. Thomas • William English Walling • Ida B. Wells-Barnett among 60 total

  34. NAACP founded 1909 Walling Wells-Barnett Ovington

  35. Connections Continue

  36. NAWSA:The Suffrage Hub

  37. NAWSA Roles • Vice-Presidents of NAWSA include: • Jane Addams • Florence Kelley • Sophonisba Breckinridge • Madeleine McDowell Breckinridge • Active Members/Supporters: • Mary Kenney O’Sullivan • Mary White Ovington • W. E. B. DuBois • Oswald Garrison Villard • Mary Church Terrell Madeleine McDowell Breckinridge

  38. Suffrage Networking Suffrage Parade, NYC, 1912

  39. Suffrage Networking NAWSA Convention circa 1917

  40. Suffrage Networking

  41. Making the Connection Alice Paul with NAWSA members Alice Paul (1885-1977) in 1913

  42. National Woman’s Party 1913 NAWSA Parade

  43. National Woman’s Party 1917: Picketing/Arrests/Jail

  44. The Women's Peace Party:The Anti-War Hub

  45. Response to War • Founding WPP members include: • Jane Addams • Florence Kelley • Lillian Wald • Mary McDowell • Edith and Grace Abbott • Sophonisba Breckinridge • Julia Lathrop • Alice Hamilton • Anna Howard Shaw (NAWSA) • Carrie Chapman Catt (NAWSA) • Crystal Eastman (NAWSA/NWP)

  46. Founding Meeting January 10, 1915

  47. Only the Beginning Settlement house work Poverty issues Anti-war Immigrant welfare Public Health Child labor Woman suffrage Child welfare Women workers

  48. Networks Continue Frances Perkins

  49. Classroom Activities • Biographies/Autobiographies: Examine which women/men have received more/less attention and discuss why • Choose a group of Progressives and trace the connections among them of age, class, race, issues, and organizations; create posters showing the network • Choose an issue/event and investigate the networks • Prepare a dialogue showing how people networked around issues

  50. Questions?

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