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Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Rocks and the Rock Cycle. Three Types of Rocks. Rocks are classified by how they form Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Rocks can change from one type to another over time. Schist. Rock Classification. Rocks are classified by : How they form Texture Grain size Mineral composition.

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Rocks and the Rock Cycle

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  1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

  2. Three Types of Rocks • Rocks are classified by how they form • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic • Rocks can change from one type to another over time Schist

  3. Rock Classification • Rocks are classified by: • How they form • Texture • Grain size • Mineral composition Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

  4. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rock: forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens • Classified by: • Where they form • Crystal (grain) size Basalt

  5. Intrusive Igneous Rock • Intrusive igneous: cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface granite

  6. Extrusive Igneous Rock • Extrusive igneous: cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface Pumice

  7. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments • This process is called lithification • Sediments are: • Rock pieces • Mineral grains • Shell fragments Limestone

  8. How do sediments form? weathering • Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface erosion

  9. Sedimentary Rock (con’t….) • Sedimentary rock can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water • When water evaporates, minerals are left behind and form rock gypsum

  10. Metamorphic Rock • Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock • Changes due to great heat and/or pressure Gneiss

  11. How does rock change? • Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids marble

  12. The Rock Cycle

  13. The Earth Recycles Rock • The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface • Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another • Any type of rock can change into another type

  14. How does this relate to plate tectonics? • Plate movement drives the rock cycle • Subduction (1 plate pushed under another plate) • Re-melts rock into magma • Mountain building • Folding, faulting, uplift • Exposes rock at the surface to be weathered and eroded

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