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Explore the early life and rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte, the influential French leader who dominated European history from 1799 to 1815. Learn about his military prowess, achievements, and domestic policies that reshaped France.
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Early Life • Napoleon Bonaparte dominated French and European history from 1799-1815. • Brought the French Revolution to an end in 1799 • Born in Corsica 1769 • Son of a lawyer who came from Florentine nobility • Studied at a military school in France • 1785 became lieutenant in the French army • Studied philosophes and military campaigns of great military leaders
Early Life • 1792 captain of French army • 1794(25 yrs old) brigadier of Committee of Public Safety • 1796 commander of French army in Italy • Won confidence from his men • ability to make quick decisions • intelligence • ease with words • confidence in himself
Early Life • 1797 returned to France as a hero • Given job to command and train an army to invade Britain • He proposed to invade Egypt and threatening India • Major sources of British wealth • 1799 took part in Coup d'état and set up the consulate • New government • Napoleon controlled entire government as first consul • Made himself consul for life • Crowned himself Emperor
Domestic Policies • Created peace with the catholic church • Took the role of a different religion depending on where he was • Created seven codes of law • Civil Code (Napoleonic code) - recognized equality of all citizens • Choose their profession • Religious toleration • Abolition of serfdom and feudalism • Made it more difficult to get divorce if you were a woman
Bureaucracy • Hired officials • Didn’t matter if they were royal or revolutionary officials • Based on ability • Created new aristocracy • Only 22% were from old regime • 60% were middle class
Bureaucracy • Napoleon preserved ideas of the revolution • Civil code • Government careers to people on ability • Changed ideas as well • Shut down 60 of 73 newspapers in France • All manuscripts were subject to government scrutiny • Mail was opened by government police