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The Ancient Middle East

The Ancient Middle East. 1. Mesopotamia: "Land Between the Two Rivers". Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE. The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”. The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area. The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”. Sumerians.

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The Ancient Middle East

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  1. The Ancient Middle East

  2. 1. Mesopotamia: "Land Between the Two Rivers"

  3. Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

  4. The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

  5. Sumerians

  6. Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic Enki Innana Appeasement of the gods

  7. Ziggurat at Ur • Monumental Architecture = a hallmark of “civilization”

  8. Mesopotamian Trade “The Cuneiform World”

  9. TechnologyCuneiform:“Wedge-Shaped” Writing

  10. Cuneiform Writing

  11. Sumerian Cylinder Seals

  12. Gilgamesh: The First Literature

  13. The Royal Standard of Ur Circa 2600 BCE

  14. Mesopotamian Harp

  15. Board Game From Ur

  16. Sophisticated Metallurgy Skillsat Ur

  17. Sargon of Akkad:“The World’s First Empire” [Akkadians]

  18. The Babylonian Empires

  19. Hammurabi’s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.] Code

  20. Hammurabi, the Judge

  21. Important Facts • Difficult geography for farming – unpredictable rivers • Open geography led to invasions • Open geography led to trade and exchange of ideas • FIRSTS: agriculture, Writing, wheel, cities, base-60 counting , literature

  22. 2. The Ancient Egyptians

  23. A View of Egypt by Satellite

  24. The Fertile Nile Valley

  25. The Annual Flooding of the Nile

  26. Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

  27. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt c. 3050 B. C. E. ?

  28. Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

  29. Making Ancient Egyptian Beer

  30. Egyptian Social Hierarchy

  31. Egyptian Priestly Class

  32. Egyptian Scribe

  33. Papyrus  Paper Hieratic Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant

  34. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

  35. Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

  36. Preparation for the Afterlife

  37. Egyptian Mummies Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E. Seti I1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

  38. Egyptian Book of the Dead

  39. The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris

  40. Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

  41. Giza Pyramid Complex

  42. Important Facts • Calm environment and protected geography = better view of afterlife and gods • Also allows Egypt to unify under 1 government • Trade and exchange occurred south to Nubia and East to Mesopotamia

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