Week of November 18

1. Week of November 18 Chapter 6 Notes and Bell Ringers

2. D.A.S.H. • DATE: November 18, 2013 • AGENDA: Monday—finish notes over Chapter 6 Lesson 1; Tuesday/Thursday—view video over women’s suffrage movement; Wednesday—possible work day to complete work over Chapter 6; Friday—Test over Chapter 6. • STATE OBJECTIVE:C. Evaluate the contributions of muckrakers including Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair that changed government policies regarding child labor, working conditions, and the Sherman Antitrust Act. • D. Analyze major social reform movements including the Women’s Suffrage and Temperance Movement and their significant leaders including Susan B. Anthony, Alice Paul, and Jane Addams. • HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK: Complete the assignment over Chapter 6 by Friday the 22nd.

3. Bell Ringer 7 • 1. Who were the “muckrakers”? BONUS: What is the true meaning of the word “muck”? • 2. Who was Jacob Riis? • 3. What does the term suffrage mean? Which group had not received this as of 1870? • 4. What was the focus of the NWSA (National Women Suffrage Association)? • 5. What was the focus of the AWSA (American Women Suffrage Association)?

4. Bell ringer 8 • 1. Who was Alice Paul? • 2. Who was Carrie Chapman Catt? • 3. When was the 19th Amendment passed? • 4. What was one of the long-term results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Disaster? • 5. What did the Women’s Christian Temperance Union oppose?

5. Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Notes Continued • Another group of progressives focused on making government more democratic and responsive to citizens. Governor Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin attacked the way political parties ran their conventions. He pressured the state legislature to pass a law requiring parties to hold a direct primary—all party members could vote for a candidate to run in the general election. • Other states followed Wisconsin’s lead and not only added the direct primary but also the initiative(citizens could introduce legislation), the referendum(citizens could vote on proposed laws directly), and the recall(citizens could vote to remove an elected official from office). • The call for reform moved to the national level with the passage of the 17th Amendment to the Constitution. It provided for a direct election of the U.S. Senators by voters. Previously the state legislatures had chosen the Senators.

6. Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Notes Continued • Women’s suffrage was also a topic of the Progressives during this time. The push for suffrage actually began in 1848 with the first women’s rights convention meeting in Seneca Falls, NY. Many abolitionists also were suffragists. • The 14th and 15th Amendments’ passage disappointed women because they were not included in these amendments. Two groups formed to gain women the right to vote—the National Woman Suffrage Association led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony and the American Woman Suffrage Association led by Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe. • The focus of the NWSA was a national one—get a constitutional amendment passed. The focus of the AWSA was a state one—get the states to pass women’s suffrage and then get a constitutional amendment passed.

7. Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Notes Continued • By 1900, only Wyoming, Idaho, Utah and Colorado had granted women full voting rights. • The two groups combined to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Its primary focus was to gain the Constitutional Amendment so they could vote on reforms and help pass labor laws. • Alice Paul founded the National Woman’s Party which picketed, blocked sidewalks, chained themselves to lampposts, and went on hunger strikes if arrested. They even picketed the White House!

8. Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Notes Continued • In 1915 Carrie Chapman Catt became the leader of NAWSA and she tried to mobilize the suffrage movement in on final nationwide push. She used the resources of the NAWSA to defeat two antisuffrage senators in 1918. • By 1919 the Senate had enough votes to pass the amendment (the House had passed it the year before). On August 26, 1920 the last state needed to ratify the amendment did so and the 19th Amendment—giving women the right to vote--went into effect. • The most emotional issue that the progressives tackled was child labor. John Spargo’s book, The Bitter Cry of the Children told of coal mines hiring 9- and 10-year old boys to pick slag out of coal. They were paid 60 cents for a 10-hour day. Reports like this led to several reforms—a minimum age for employment, maximum hours that children could work, and compulsory education laws.

9. Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Notes Continued • Two Supreme Court cases, Lochner v. New York and Muller v. Oregon, addressed the government’s authority to regulate business to protect workers. Lochner struck down a New York law forbidding bakers to work more than 10 hours a day and Muller upheld the state’s rights to limit the hours women could work in laundries. The different decisions were based on the gender differences. • March 25, 1911 brought about the worst work-related disaster with the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire. Over 150 women lost their lives due mainly to locked doors and limited exits. Fire inspections were improved, labor codes were reformed, and safety laws were passed as a result of the tragedy.

10. Chapter 6 Lesson 1 Notes Concluded (Hallelujah!) • A group of women formed the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union in 1874. They advocated that the sale, consumption and/or abuse of alchol be stopped or at least slowed. Their second president, Frances Willard, served for nearly 20 years and championed rights for women including equal pay and suffrage. Prohibition laws including the 18th Amendment were passed as a result of the temperance movement. • Eugene V. Debs won nearly a million votes as the American Socialist Party candidate in the presidential election of 1912. Socialism is where the government controls all aspects of business and is found mainly in European countries today. Most in 1912 and even today like the idea of free enterprise and reject socialism.