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Islam Beyond: Abbasid Decline and Spread of Islam

Islam Beyond: Abbasid Decline and Spread of Islam. Late Abbasid Era. Courtly excess & political division cause decline Harun al-Rashid (r. 786-809) -Persian advisors -Death causes civil war First civil war (813-833) -Personal armies/mercenaries made of slaves

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Islam Beyond: Abbasid Decline and Spread of Islam

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  1. Islam Beyond: Abbasid Decline and Spread of Islam

  2. Late Abbasid Era • Courtly excess & political division cause decline • Harun al-Rashid (r. 786-809) -Persian advisors -Death causes civil war • First civil war (813-833) -Personal armies/mercenaries made of slaves -Become force in own right • Economic disruption -Pillaging by mercenaries -Tax burden on peasants -Infrastructure falls into disrepair • Peasant suffering = uprisings

  3. Declining Position of Women • Subjugation and confinement to home • Harem -Part of palace/house reserved for women. - “Forbidden quarters” • Slaves sold and prized for intelligence and beauty • Often had more freedom, not required to wear hajib, veil, in public like free women. • Wealthy women allowed no career outside of home

  4. Religious Trends • Resurgence in both mysticism and orthodoxy • Orthodox thought tradition of questioning would undermine Koran • Sufist movement -Sufists wandering mystics who seek personal union with Allah -Continuing expansion of religion and Islamic civilization

  5. Islam Comes to South Asia • Arrive in late 7th and early 8th c. • Contrasts between Hinduism and Islam • Initially, violent conflict • Trade and religious exchange allow for peace later Islam Hinduism Worship single God All believers equal Emphasize social mobility Open and tolerant wide variety of beliefs Rigid caste system

  6. Invasion • 711-Muhammad ibnQasim led 10,000 troops into Sind. • First time encounter culture as sophisticated as own -Local leaders surrender (Lower taxes and retain position) -Arabs treat as “people of book” • Allows for cultural contacts • Est. colonies (trading posts) • 962: Turks launch invasions -Mahmud of Ghazni -Muhammad of Ghur-Indus Valley -New capital at Delhi -300 years: Dynasties rules northern and central India -“Sultans of Delhi” (Delhi Sultanate)

  7. Conversion and Accommodation • Est. of Muslim communities • Merchants and mystics carriers of faith -Converts chose Islam willingly -Buddhism disorganized; Hinduism alienated with caste system -Intermarriage • Hindus believed Muslims would be absorbed into culture. -Adopt Indian style of dress, food, social system, habits. • Realize Muslim religion will not be absorbed.

  8. Spread of Islam (S.E. Asia) • Trading Zones • Southeast Asian products important exports to China, India, and Mediterranean. -Aromatic woods -Spices • 8th c: Coastal trade in India controlled by Muslims • 13th c: Collapse of Shrivijaya allowed full-scale introduction of Islam. • Trading paves way for spread of religion*

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